Key Practices of Performance Management Essay Example for Free

Key Practices of Performance Management EssayThe requirement for effective performance precautionThe performance management acts as a key measure to ensure that the goals and objectives are being consistently met that too in an effective and efficient manner. The management of performance focuses on the performance of the boilersuit enterprise, all departments, employees and even the products or services. However, it does not just stop here as with performance management companies can align their resources, systems and employees which will help them fall their objectives and priorities. The goals of performance management programsOnly when the employee and the system align with one another can they ensure the delivery of strategic and operational goals. Some skeptics argue that in that location exists a relation between the use of performance management programs or software with improved organizational results. When considering the public sector, the performance managers chang es from negative to positive which suggests that the release in the characteristics of the system, and the different context that they are implemented play an important role in success or failure of the performance management. Sometimes utilize an integrated software rather than a spreadsheet based recording system will help in delivering a significant return of investments through the grasp of direct and indirect sales benefits. Measuring the operational efficiency will help in unlocking the latent potential of the employees that work.The benefits will include everything from the direct monetary gain to a motivated workforce to the improved management. For the financial gains, it will grow sales, stop the overrunning of projects, and align the enterprise in direct manner to the chief operating officers objectives. For the motivated workforce, it simply means optimization of incentive plans that defines the objective even for the over achievement and not for just the business as usual. Lastly, in the improved management control, the employees become more flexible and open to the management needs. They also display data relationships and helps audit to comply with the legislative requirement. Lastly, the process enables thoughtful documentation and scenario planning.Types of performance management implementationErica Olsen noted that in many businesses, even the ones with well made plans actually failed to implement appropriate strategy. For most, the production lay in the ineffective management of the employees even with a business plan in place. Of course, they curb conducted the necessary survey and collected the data, and also ensured management retreats to decide their organizational direction, but even with an expensive software in place, their plan can fail. Most of the time, their performance management and appraisals overlap and three types have been so far identifiedLong pedal performance management Usually done on a annual or a biannual or q uarterly basis, from implementing this management, this the area that has received the most attention. These techniques predate the use of computers and therefore do not need any expensive software.Short cycle management performance This overlaps with the principles of the agile software development which is mainly done on a week, monthly or bi-weekly basis. Usually this kind is industry specific. graphic symbolhttp//classof1.com/homework-help/human-resource-management-homework-help

Religion in Colonial America Essay Example for Free

Religion in Colonial America EssayThroughout the colonial period with British northwesterly American cloture, the subjects of worship and economics often come hand-in-hand when associated with significance. Although economic concerns of development and exploration had its part in British settlement into the New World, unearthly entanglement, such as Puritan progression and The Great Awakening , played a bigger role in the rise of the American colonies. The flee for spiritual independence and make-up based on religion in a village outweigh the concerns for economics. The American colonies valued their religion, as well as making it the nearly valuable part of their lives. In the early 1500s certain Christians from different European nations went against the Roman authority of the pope. Religious wars/conflicts, competition, and the Protestant Reformation completely contributed to a sacred motive for exploration and colonization into North America.Many British immigran ts came to the new world not only looking for wealth, but for a unearthly freedom and structured society. This pull component created a foundation for religion in the new colonies many heap fled the home country to avoid ghostlike persecution and inferiority. Furthermore, Puritans, who colonized the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1629, sought to create an empire of religious tolerance. Under John Winthrop, the religious group taught the new colony that the people should provide a whole world a model of Christian society ought to be, as in A City upon a knoll.The groups of people who wanted to separate from the church of England or go against the Roman catholic Pope went to the New World solely for religious freedoms, creating a religious superiority put into their new location. Immigration into America was by far dominated by groups of people avoiding the oppression and persecution faced by royal and religious leaders in their homeland religious refuge provided means for these colo nists to build upon a belief of religious tolerance and organization.As colonies were developing and new groups of people/ideas were diffusing, religious conflict and authority became prominent. A major religious eventin the life of the American people, The Great Religious Awakening, highlighted the valuable role of religion in the peoples lives. The Awakening permanently reflected the need for religious tolerance and organization in a group of people. Also, religious groups such as the Baptists, Methodists, and Presbyterians (all minority religious groups) took root and grew.Along with awareness to significance, the movement highlighted the presence of religious feeling among masses of people. A major division between Orthodox and New Lights increased religious diversity and created a greater competition between the groups to attract followers. This historical event exposed a new fashion of thinking for the peoples democracy. In fact, the Great Awakening brought a shared common e xperience for Americans regardless of race or religion. The Great Awakening brought political and religious impact to the Americans, which still influences the nation today.Even though religion posed to be the biggest concern associated with British settlement in the New World, economic development proved to contribute in the time period. Columbuss exploration of the New World was based on the hope to find land, resources, and wealth all pertaining to the progress and bringing up of Europes economy. Moreover, the thirteen colonies developed ways, (such as Jamestowns tobacco crop) to exploit resources as means for survival.The North American Colonies Association with trade (Columbian Exchange) put them in competition with other empires to compete for wealth and progression as a community. Economic concerns engaged in the colonies organization however, religion was the basis for British settlement and the foundation for population growth, social movement, and political structure.Altho ugh economic concerns of development and exploration had its part in British settlement into the New World, religious entanglement proved to be more important in the race for American development. Religion posed as the main factor for the peoples, and led them to make decisions and act upon their beliefs. In this colonial time period, religion proved to be a greater power in the daily lives of Americans.

Sonoco Products Company

Sonoco Products CompanyAccording to (Chidambaram VijayabanuS and Ramachandran, 2012) success of a company is based on the human as frames. This case study report is on Sonoco Products Company and its HR activities down the stairs the leadership of Cindy Hartley. It provides an overview of Sonoco Products Company, motley requirements in the package industry and their influence on Sonocos strategy in tune with the objectives of the vice president of the company, analysis of the changes and judging their effectiveness, identifying the problems in Sonocos strategy with keep an eye on to HR counseling besides identifying ways and marrow to improve the HRM operations in Sonoco. According to ( Gibb, Stephen, 2003), HRM is essential. Finally suitable recommendations ar minded(p) to Sonoco for the betterment of its strategies as world class HR organization under the leadership of its vice president Cindy Hartley. With leadership qualities senior precaution can take higher responsibili ties (Jean-Francois Coget, 2011).About Sonoco Products CompanyIn consumer and industrial incase Sonoco is a global company with around 100 years of experience. In its chosen subscriber line, right from the inception from 1980s till initial part of 1990s, Sonoco enjoyed success and enlarged growth financially (Sonoco Products grapheme Study p1). However, collectable to its fixed pricing of installs, economic crisis in US markets such(prenominal) as manufacturing exports severely impacted Sonoco. For instance, overdue to such reasons, sales of Sonoco fell 6% down between the years 1995-1999. Nevertheless, the company, with its strategies to reduce expenses, managed to gain increase in profits by 14% in the period. Afterwards, sales of the company declined and that caused its stock values coming down and pressure was built on the company to maintain credibility with shareholders. At this juncture, new chief operating officer by name Harris DeLoach was appointed by Sonoco. The m ain challenges before DeLoach were to reduce operational costs to ensure top-line ancestry growth restructuring the consumer packaging division arrive about cooperation across the divisions considering human resources as corporate resources rather than a gift managed under general manager revamping and restructuring divisions including HR (Sonoco Products Case Study p1).Since the blood line of Cindy Hartley in the capacity of senior VP of HR division, she was working totally towards the throats of the companys chief operating officer DeLoach. In her tenure she introduced umteen changes and new policies in order to improve the argument public presentation of the company, chronological succession planning, development, compensation etc. Earlier when the company was in full swing of profits, the managers did not take the inefficient employees seriously as business growth was evidenced. Now it is changed and Cindy Hartley as per the DeLoachs challenge responded quickly and ponde red over the problem and improve efficiency in HRM wing. Towards all these things, and reduce the cost Cindy Hartley set forwards three authoritative objectives as outlined in other section of this report (Sonoco Products Case Study p1).Packaging Industry and SonocoSonoco has been into the packaging industry. In 19900 packaging industry was devising skilful revenues. The revenue generated by around 100, 000 companies worldwide was worth $400 billion. Consumer packaging paper and board describe very well-grounded increase in its growth. Paper and board recorded 34% revenues while consumer packaging recorded 70% and industrial packaging at 30%. In the later part of 1990s, due to globalization, businesses encountered competitive challenges and also growth opportunities (Sonoco Products Case Study p2). Manufacturing became decentralized as many companies from USA moved to other countries such as India and China where human resources were not costly. Later years i.e. between 1998-20 00 on that point was dramatic increase in the share of five big companies reported at 40% to 60% increase in revenues. Consumer preferences were changed and domestic consumer markets recorded the segmentation of products were changed as per the preferences. When it comes to food industry more evidence is observed. In the sell markets products are even altered as per the customer requirements. Due to customer preferences kind of of one version of product seven or eight becomes a common place. Packaging also was playing an important role while branding and thus it attracts more mess. In those days in retail business packaging was more influential than advertising for getting new customers and retaining the existing one (Sonoco Products Case Study p2).As there are many changes in global economy and market conditions in USA, the effect of globalization, it was the responsibility of packaging companies to be more innovative and implement changes in the business as required. As said b y an observer to win in the race one has to use emerging technologies as that gives winning edge to organizations. Companies who were into packaging invested a huge amount for making timely changes to their product designs. Afterwards the concept that appeared was one-stop-shop which attracted manufacturing firms, and other related businesses. The issues in the packaging industry include globalization of businesses, fixed footing concept of Sonoco, USA firms started investing overseas, adapting to technology innovations, abrupt changes in the product design, decline in sales and revenues etc. The changes in the business arena, especially in the packaging industry influenced Sonoco to change its strategies and focus on more customers and solutions oriented and dumb the row of Proctor Gamble. It also started looking at markets with focused coordination (Sonoco Products Case Study p3).What were Cindy Hartleys objectives for changes at Sonoco?Cindy Hartley, after becoming VP or HR d epartment of Sonoco, she set forth three objectives to be achieved which were in tune with the thoughts of the new CEO of the company who wanted to cut short expenses of the organization more than 20% (Sonoco Products Case Study p1). The objectives are as given below.Making GMs accountable for managing talent and ensure that inefficient employees are not entertained.Considering HR talent as corporate resource rather than GMs talent and utilizing the human resources evenly across divisions. exploitation consistent practices towards HRM.Optimizing HR to support business objectives of GM.Before she took office, employees were given salaries even when they are not performing. It does mean that as the company was in good profits, it handle the HR best practices towards people who do not perform well. Cindy Hartley in the capacity of VP under the guidance of CEO wanted to make this organisational change to see that human resources are optimally utilized. GMs were made responsible for op timal usage of human resources and considered HR talent as corporate resource instead of just looking at it GMs manpower (Sonoco Products Case Study p1).HR Changes at SonocoWhen Cindy Hartley was hired as new VP of HR window of Sonoco, she identified many problems with HR function as it was ruined and not consistent. The organizational structure in 1995 has some inherent problems. The focus on HR was different in those days. They thought it as something like back-room operation (Sonoco Products Case Study p4). The organizational structure was tactical in nature rather than strategic. In 1990s large divisions in the company have their own HR functions which are item-by-item and not aligned to the overall corporate HR function properly. There were inconstancies in payroll related activities and also confidentiality was not maintained in such matters. The main problem was that corporate HR was seen in different perspective. It was seen as an entity that only takes care of recruitment s and relationships between employees and organization. Strategic planning was not possible due to supply structure which was complex. GMs of divisions exercised discretion and make mistakes in the process of providing compensation to staff members (Sonoco Products Case Study p4). The reporting structure of the company has less useful things and HR people were taking things for granted. The process of compensations was considered entitlements rather than looking them at in practical cost related perspective. Sonocos employee appraisal strategy was also not perfect. The timing of it and the encouraging merit employees was not flawless. There were cases of manipulation of performance reports. The performance evaluation was not actually reflecting the efficiency of employees. At the same time experienced employees are an asset (Barbara A. Anderson, 2005). Worst case is that the best performed employees were fired due to reasons other than performance. There were not action plans, and there were complaints from the employees with respect to their career (Sonoco Products Case Study p4).When Hartley took office in 1995, she was determined to build HR company with much focus on business orientation and professionalism. Priority was given for making leaders in the organization. It does mean that leadership traits were taught to HR people. The companys growth strategy, money flow, working capital management was given focus. Favourable work conditions also play a role (ISIK U. ZEYTINOGLU GORDON B. COOKE KARLENE HARRY JAMES CHOWHAN1, 2008). The priorities set by Hartley to set the things right are as shown below (Sonoco Products Case Study p4).The compensation strategies and measuring performance of individualos is given top priority as this ensures that the best performers are given right compensation.Planning for making good number of leaders for the ensuing generation.A robust employee development process that ensured that employees learnings are improved constant ly. organizational performance results in financial growth (Brain becker and barry garhat, 1966). From the perspective of changes in the organization she was regarded as a change maker. She was well known among her colleagues as a good manager. A counsel was built to help in HR management. When she stared change management, many in the organization did not allow it. For instance HR heads of the divisions resisted her actions towards making changes in HR strategies (Sonoco Products Case Study p4). The first problem tackled was compensation and performance management as they are fundamental issues of HR. In 1996, HR management was revised again to make it more effective. Its main focus was on alignment and consistency. For change management all stake holders are convinced. For each plant manager specific set of metrics are given. For Instance the metrics are safety, customer returns, quality, machine downtime, plat profit etc. The metrics of individual units are aligned with overall b usiness objectives of the company. In 1997, the Sonoco Products Company adopted a shared vision with respect to performance management. In other words Sonoco discussed the performance management strategies with employees as well (Sonoco Products Case Study p4). The compensation management and salary system are combined. The mangers were encouraged to follow guidelines and educate employees so as to make them to give best attends and also measures value addition of individuals. With respect to succession planning and leadership development the strategies are to be agreed up on by divisional senior management. And advisory team was built by Hartley for improving the system (Sonoco Products Case Study p4). The sestet leadership traits are recorded. They include coaching and monitoring, knowledge management, teamwork, strategic integration, communication and customer satisfaction finished excellence. Sonoco followed three sources for assessing the capabilities of managers. They inclu de succession planning, performance management system and 360- point in time feedback. HR function is improved every year. By 2000, almost all fundamental changes were made to the organizational HR function. Hartley revamped aspects like IT systems, performance management, compensation, transition and succession planning. However, it has must to do to make strides in business growth. Intensive and basic compensation plans were subjected to major changes (Sonoco Products Case Study p1).HR Structure tribute for SonocoHRM efficiency is possible through right personnel (Y. Paul Huo, Heh Jason Huang, and Nancy K. Napier, 2002). Hartley wanted to restructure HR function. There are two feignings for structural organization of HR division. They include centralization model and hybrid model. In the centralization model many HR activities are handled by four centers of expertise. These divisions are managed by world experts who have wealth of knowledge. It helps in the reduction of admini strative and other costs pertaining to process improvement. However, it faces fewer opportunities when it has to be aligned with individual businesses (Sonoco Products Case Study p7). centralisation requires clever way of handling HRM (Asma Zaineb, 2011). The second option is named as hybrid structure. In this approach the divisions have provisions in the involvement of compensation, personnel programs, succession planning and staffing. It leaves the individual HR manager on which GMs rely. The both structures meant for implementing HR strategy that is common in both. The HR changes done by Hartley are sustainable as they are meant for reducing expenses and improve large scale business opportunities (Sonoco Products Case Study p7).For HR structure of Sonoco I recommend centralized model as it has many advantages over hybrid structure (Heidi Cardenas, 2012). The advantages include reduction in operational costs, concentration of HR skills, sharing of knowledge, optimization processes and organizational support. concentrate human resources model can save operational costs for various activities of HR such as recruiting, benefits and compensation management, and recruiting. Sharing of knowledge among the divisions is possible through centralized computing. Technology should be used in recruitments (Derek S.Chapman and Jane Webster, 2003) Centralized HR managers are easily accessible and one can get faster service (Heidi Cardenas, 2012). It promotes HR skills improvements. Business processes can be optimized effectively using centralized HR model. It facilitates indulgent and consistent development of processes for various activities like performance management, recognition, recruiting, and payroll. Its easy to develop companywide aspects such as resource processes, easy to develop communication with all places in the organization. Another advantage of centralized computing is better organizational support for company. Centralized approach well suites organizati ons where staff members are trained as to how to communicate effectively. The approach provides (Heidi Cardenas, 2012). SHRM also gained popularity (Patrick M. Wright, Benjamin B. Dunford, Scott A. Snell, 2001). Nevertheless, centralized model of HR has its limitations such as administration causing inequalities, strict conformity of official norms etc. and dictatorship which does not take employees into confidence while making policies (Asma Zaineb, 2011). size of it of the organization also has consideration for HRM strategy (GEORGE CALLAGHAN AND PAUL THOMPSON, 2002).Fig. 1 Centralized Model for HR StructureAs can be seen in fig. 1, the HR structure of Sonoco has VP at the top of the hierarchy. The single rooted hierarchy with administrative, experts and field staff services.The study of Sonocos business scenario and HR function closely from the views of Hartley and CEO of the company, there was lot of improvement in its functioning due to the efforts of Hartley. However, it can be said that it needs further improvement. The following are the recommendations for Sonoco.First and foremost wideness has to be given to a centralized mode of HR structure as it has many advantages. It reduces costs of process improvement activiti4es and also administrative costs. As Sonoco VP of HR and CEO of the company want to reduce the operational costs, the centralized model is best suited.The existing practice of linking HR operations and processes with business objectives of Sonoco, market-gardening and values has to be continued with further changes if required. HR influences many key systems (Coro Strandberg, 2009). The best practices are pertaining to it such as organizational core competencies, performance management, 360 degree reviews, building tomorrow leader through career development and training, organizational reviews, learning by doing, online performance and learning, training for sales and marketing people, team skill development, reward and recognition in cluding broad banding, and centennial shares. There is relationship between training and organizational performance (Salem Shiryan, Dr. Himanshu Shee and Deborah Stewart, 2012). And training makes organization stronger (Rebecca Grossman and Eduardo Salas, 2011).ReflectionThe HRM module has given me adequate insights into the HRM activities that help me in putting in into use in my future endeavors. Understanding certain concepts of HRM has led me to know the fundamentals of HRM. From the study it is understood that human resource department is not meant for acting as back-room while it has tremendous utility when harnessed properly. The study also let me know the important structure for HRM such as centralized hybrid models. Moreover Sonoco case study has given me in depth understanding possibilities in realizing the case with respect to HR management. From this experience I came to know certain facts related to HR structures known as centralized and hybrid. No changes can be implem ented without people involving in the process. This is the reason continuous education and training is required to staff members in order to improve quality in service and also develop leaders for future generation.

Psychosocial development of children

Psychosocial development of electric razorren1.1 IntroductionThe influence of the media on the psychosocial development of kidren is pro establish. Thus, it is important for physicians to discuss with p atomic number 18nts their childs exposure to media and to stomach guidance on age-appropriate use of both media, including telecasting, radio, medical specialty, motion picture games and the Internet. In a matter of seconds, most children target mimic a movie or TV character, sing an advertising jingle, or give other examples of what they postulate learned from media. Sadly, these examples may include naming a favourite brand of beer, striking a sexy pose, or play fighting. Children only when suck up to put a movie into the VCR, open a magazine, click on a Web site, or watch TV to experience all kinds of messages. It really is that easy. Media offer entertainment, culture, newsworthiness, sports, and education. They be an important part of our lives and have much to t each. But roughly of what they teach may non be what we want children to learn. This cross gives an overview of some of the messages media send young people that could be negative or harmful to their health. You will learn how you merchant ship teach your children to better understand the media messages they chitchat and hear in sign, over airwaves, on networks, and on-line. The objectives of this field of operation argon to explore the right and harmful burdens of media on childrens mental and physical health, and to identify how physicians lot counsel patients and their families and promote the muscular use of the media in their communities. Effects of media is categorise as 1)internet 2)music video 3)video games 4) telecasting set1.2 STATEMENT OF THE line of workWhat would be the possible pertain of media on y verbotenh due to the increasing trend of violence, sexual abuses, nutritional disorders, less reading vestmentss and useless longsighted hours telecastin g system exhi round?1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDYThe objective of the study was to measure the trespass of media on children and youth in Peshawar region in division 2008. In this report I try to find out that how television is affecting our young generation and what argon the pros and cons of watching the television.1.4 LITERATURE SURVEYThe literature survey has been structure as follow First impact of different media on youth and children were discussed. Then the impact of television on youth and children were discussed.1.4.1. Impact of Different Media on YouthAccording to Canadian pediatric society (PP 2003-01). The impact of media use on children and youth has a severe impact on children lives. In a attendk carried out by media aw areness network (USA) Media exert a signifi rottert displacement effect 2 to 3hours per day spent watching television or playing video games means less physical activity, reading, and interaction with friends but such(prenominal)(prenominal) data do non speak to cause-and-effect concerns. Like sage, content analyses can only demonstrate what the average child or adolescent will view. Even so, such analyses are disturbing when they reveal what the average American child or teenager is exposed to annually. Now how can you guide youre childs television wake? The government, in cooperation with the television industry, has implemented a military swan system for television programming. This system is to help guide parents and assist them in establishing guidelines for their childrens TV viewing. However, the American Psychological Association Help Center reminds us that television networks rate their testify programs, unlike the motion picture association. In 1996, the Telecommunications Act was passed in an attempt to help parents restrict the viewing habits of their children. The Act specifies that all television sets sold in the United States must contain a programmable v-chip. Mark Nadel, an attorney specializing in comm unication law and policy, explains that this will allow parents to block undesirable programming. Even with the rating system and the v-chip in place, parents still need to take an active interest in what their children are watching on television. Here are some appriseions from the surgical incision of Education Set Limits. Know how much TV your child is watching. Set some basic rules such as no television before preparation or chores are done or during meals. Participate. Watch TV with your child and discuss the program. Ask them questions and express your views. This will in like manner let you know what your children are watching. Monitor. Avoid shows, movies, or video games that have violent or sexual content. Encourage children to watch programs to the highest degree characters who show cooperation and caring. Analyze Commercials. Help children to critically respect statements. Be a Good Role Model. This suggestion comes from the Parents as Teachers National Center. Becau se children model behavior, set a good example with your own television viewing habits. Avoid watching programs containing adult content when your child is in the room or nearby. The power of media messages Sometimes you can see the impact of media right away, such as when your child watches superheroes fighting and then copies their moves during play. But most of the time the impact is not so immediate or obvious. It occurs slowly as children see and hear certain messages over and over, such as the following Fighting and other violence used as a way to handle remainder Cigarettes and alcohol shown as cool and attractive, not asthmatic and deadly Sexual action with no negative results, such as disease or unplanned pregnancy Further the power of the media and its do can be seen asMusic VideosMusic videos may have a significant behavioral impact by desensitizing viewers to violence and making teenagers much(prenominal) likely to approve of premarital sex (American academy of p ediatrics community of music and videos). Up to 75% of videos contains sexually distinct material (American academy of pediatrics community of music and videos), and more than half contains violence that is often committed against women. Women are visualised frequently in a condescending manner that affects childrens attitudes slightly sex roles. Attractive role models are the aggressors in more than 80% of music video violence. Males are more than three times as likely to be the aggressors blacks were overrepresented and whites underrepresented. Music videos may reinforce false stereotypes. A detailed analysis of music videos raised concerns about its do on adolescents normative expectations about conflict resolution race and male-female relationships (Rich M). Music lyrics have become increasingly explicit, particularly with references to sex, drugs and violence. inquiry linking a cause-and-effect relationship amid explicit lyrics and adverse behavioral effects is still in p rogress at this time. Meanwhile, the electromotive force drop negative impact of explicit music lyrics should put parents and pediatricians on guard pediatricians should bring this up in anticipatory guidance discussions with teenagers and their parents. At the very least, parents should take an active role in monitoring the music their children are exposed Video GamesSome video games may help the development of fine motor skills and coordination, but more of the concerns about the negative effects of television (e.g., inactivity, asocial behavior and violence) also apply to excessive exposure to video games. Violent video games should be discouraged because they have harmful effects on childrens mental development (Thompson KM). Parents should be advised to familiarize themselves with various rating systems for video games and use this knowledge to compel their decisions. The effect of violent video games on children has been a public health concern for many years. No quantita tive analysis of video game contents for games rated as suitable for all audiences were made until 2001 (Thompson KM). The study concluded that many video games rated as suitable for all audiences contained significant steps of violence (64% contained intentional violence and 60% rewarded players for injuring a character). thitherfore, current ratings of video games leave much room for improvement (Walls D)InternetParents may feel outsmarted or overwhelmed by their childrens computer and Internet abilities, or they may not appreciate that the new medium is an essential component of the new literacy, something in which their children need to be fluent. These feelings of inadequacy or confusion should not prevent them from discovering the Internets benefits. The dangers inherent in this relatively uncontrolled wired world are many and varied, but often hidden. These dangers must be unmasked and a wise parent will learn how to protect their children by immersing themselves in the medi um and taking advice from the many resources aimed at protecting children while allowing them to reap the rich benefits in a safe environment. The physician is in a good position to encourage parents and children to discover the Internet and to use it wisely. The Internet has a significant electromotive force for providing children and youth with access to educational information, and can be compared with a huge home library. However, the lack of editorial standards limits the Internets credibility as a source of information. There are other concerns as well. The nitty-gritty of time spent watching television and sitting in front of computers can affect a childs postural development (Salter RB). Excessive amounts of time at a computer can contribute to obesity, undeveloped social skills and a form of addictive behavior (Canadian pediatrics society). Although rare, some children with seizure disorders are more prone to attacks brought on by a flickering television or computer scree n. No data suggest that television viewing cause weakness of the eyes. It may be different when a child is closely exposed to a computer screen for long periods, although there are no definitive references to support this. Other concerns include pedophiles that use the Internet to lure young people into relationships. There is also the potential for children to be exposed to pornographic material. Parents can use technology that blocks access to pornography and sex guggle on the Internet, but must be aware that this technology does not replace their supervision or guidance.1.5 IMPACT OF TELEVISION ADVERTISEMENT Television has the potential to generate both positive and negative effects, and many studies have looked at the impact of television on society, particularly on children and adolescents (Johnson JG). An individual childs developmental level is a critical factor in find out whether the medium will have positive or negative effects. Not all television programs are bad, but d ata showing the negative effects of exposure to violence, inappropriate sexuality and offensive language are convincing (American academy of pediatrics). Still, physicians need to advocate continued research into the negative and positive effects of media on children and adolescentsTelevisions Impact on KidsTelevision is one of the most prevalent media influences in kids lives. According to Kids Take on Media, a survey conducted in 2003 by the Canadian Teachers Federation, watching TV is a daily pastime for 75 percent of Canadian children, both boys and girls from Grade 3 to Grade 10. How much impact TV has on children depends on many factors how much they watch, their age and personality, whether they watch alone or with adults, and whether their parents talk with them about what they see on TV. To minimize the potential negative effects of television, its important to understand what the impact of television can be on children. Below you will find information on some areas of conc ern. Family is the most important influence in a childs life, but television is not far behind. Television can inform, entertain and teach us. However, some of what TV teaches may not be what you want your child to learn. TV programs and commercials often show violence, alcohol or drug use and sexual content that are not suitable for children or teenagers. Studies show that TV viewing may lead to more aggressive behavior, less physical activity, altered body image, and increase use of drugs and alcohol. By knowing how television affects your children and by setting limits, you can help make your childs TV-watching experience less harmful, but still enjoyable. You may not realize it, but there are many ways that television affects your childs life. When your child sits down to watch TV, consider the following LearningTelevision can be a powerful teacher (Wright JC). Watching Sesame Street is an example of how toddlers can learn valuable lessons about racial harmony, cooperation, ki ndness, simple arithmetic and the alphabet through an educational television format. Some public television programs stimulate visits to the zoo, libraries, bookstores, museums and other active recr expelional settings, and educational videos can certainly fare as powerful prosocial teaching devices. The educational value of Sesame Street has been shown to improve the reading and learning skills of its viewers (Huston AC). In some disadvantaged settings, healthy television habits may actually be a beneficial teaching barb (Wright JC). Still, watching television takes time away from reading and schoolwork. More juvenile and well-controlled studies show that even 1 h to 2 h of daily-unsupervised television viewing by school-aged children has a significant deleterious effect on pedantic performance, particularly reading. Television affects how your child learns. High look, nonviolent childrens shows can have a positive effect on learning. Studies show that preschool children who watch educational TV programs do better on reading and math tests than children who do not watch those programs. When used carefully, television can be a positive tool to help your child learn. For older children, high-quality TV programs can have benefits. However, for younger children its a very different story. The first two years of life are especially important in the growth and development of your childs brain. During this time, children need good, positive interaction with other children and adults to develop good language and social skills. Learning to talk and play with others is far more important than watching television. Until more research is done about the effects of TV on very young children, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) does not recommend television for children younger than two years of age. For older children, the AAP recommends no more than one to two hours per day of quality screen time.NutritionStudies show that children who watch too much televis ion are more likely to be overweight. They do not spend as much time running, jumping and getting the exercise they need. They often snack while watching TV. They also see many commercials for unhealthy foods, such as candy, snacks, sugary cereals and drinks. Commercials almost never give information about the foods children should eat to keep healthy. As a result, children may persuade their parents to buy unhealthy foods. Because television takes time away from play and exercise activities, children who watch a lot of television are less physically fit and more likely to eat high fat and high energy snack foods (CPC). Television viewing makes a substantial contribution to obesity because prime time commercials promote unhealthy dietary practices (J.C). The fat content of advertised products exceeds the current average Canadian diet and nutritional recommendations, and most food advertising is for high calorie foods such as fast foods, candy and presweetened cereals (J.C). Commerci als for healthy food make up only 4% of the food advertisements shown during childrens viewing time (ditz WH). The number of hours of television viewing also corresponds with an increased relative risk of higher cholesterol levels in children (ditz WH). Television can also contribute to eating disorders in teenage girls, who may emulate the thin role models seen on television (ditz WH). Eating meals while watching television should be discouraged because it may lead to less meaning(prenominal) communication and, arguably, poorer eating habits (Briggs).SexualityToday, television has become a leading sex educator in Canada. Between 1976 and 1996, there has been a 270% increase in sexual interactions during the family hour of 2000 hours to 2100 hours (crespo CJ). Television exposes children to adult sexual behaviors in ways that portray these actions as normal and risk-free, sending the message that because these behaviors are frequent, everybody does it. Sex between unmarried partner s is shown 24 times more often than sex between spouses (AAP), while sexually transmitted infections and unwanted pregnancy are rarely mentioned. Teens rank the media as the leading source of information about sex, second only to school sex education programs. Numerous studies document adolescents susceptibility to the medias influence on their sexual attitudes, values and beliefs (brown JD). A detailed guide to responsible sexual content on television and in films and music can be found in other peer-reviewed publications (brown JD). Some people believe that the media can influence sexual responsibility by promoting birth control, such as condom use. No current empirical evidence supports this concept it is expected that the debate will continue. Alcohol and smokingMessages about tobacco and alcohol are everywhere in media. Kids see characters on screen smoking and drinking. They see signs for tobacco and alcohol products at concerts and sporting events. publicizing and movies sen d kids the message that smoking and drinking make a person sexy or cool and that everyone does it. Advertising also sways teens to smoke and drink. Teens who see a lot of ads for beer, wine, liquor, and bottoms admit that it influences them to want to drink and smoke. It is not by chance that the three most advertised cigarette brands are also the most popular ones consume by teens. Advertisers of tobacco and alcohol deliberately leave out the negative information about their products. As a result, young people often do not know what the health risks are when they use these products. Sometimes TV broadcasts and print articles do the same thing. For example, a magazine might do a story about the common causes of malignant neoplastic disease but not mention smoking as a top cause. Does your child know why? The answer may be that the magazine paper takes money to publish tobacco ads or even owns another company that makes cigarettes. Canadas two largest breweries spend $200 milli on on advertising each year (McKenzie). On an annual basis, teenagers see between 1000 and 2000 beer commercials carrying the message that real men drink beer. Convincing data suggest that advertising increases beer consumption (brown JD), and in countries such as Sweden, a ban on alcohol advertising has led to a decline in alcohol consumption (romelsjo). Tobacco products are not advertised directly on television in Canada. However, passive promotion occurs when, for example, a soap opera star light a cigarette in a macho act, a Formula One race car has cigarette advertising on it or sporting events carry the call of tobacco companies. There is evidence that passive advertising, which glamorizes smoking has increased over the past few years. Television is not the only way that children learn about tobacco and alcohol use the concern is that the consequences of these behaviors are not accurately depicted on television. One-half of the G-rated animated feature films available on vide ocassette, as well as many music videos, show alcohol and tobacco use as normative behaviors without conveying the long-term consequences of this use (Thomas K).Viewing habitIts easy to let your child fall into the TV trap. First you let him unwind with a cartoon after school. Then you let him keep the television on while you make dinner. Before you know it, he like the average American kid is watching four hours a day, well preceding(prenominal) the two-hour maximum limit recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics. TV has a powerful hold on most school-age kids. It provides the effortless entertainment they crave. By this age, children can also have a measure of control over what they watch Theyve mastered the remote, and their reading and time-telling skills help them figure out when their favorite programs are scheduled. Theyre also intensely curious, and TV is one way they learn about the world, says Jane Healy, PhD, author of Your Childs Growing Mind. But its imperati ve that parents set limits on both content and the amount of screen time. Heres why Early grade-schoolers lack the ability to regulate their own viewing habits. And a child whos constantly glued to the set is missing out on the chance to exercise, socialize, study, and play. Numerous studies have shown that young kids who watch too much TV struggle with schoolwork and are more likely to dress aggressively and become overweight than those who dont. Want to curb your childs viewing habits? Here are seven strategies you may not have tried yet.AdvertisingAdvertising can have positive effects on childrens behavior. For example, some alcohol manufacturers spend 10% of their budget on advertisements warning about the dangers of drinking and driving. In addition, although some health care professionals disagree about the health benefits of appropriate milk use, milk consumption has increased as a result of print and broadcast advertisements. The developmental stage of a child plays a role in the effect of commercials. Young children do not understand the concept of a sales pitch. They tend to believe what they are told and may even assume that they are deprived if they do not have advertised products. Most preschool children do not understand the difference between a program designed to entertain and a commercial designed to sell. A number of studies have put down that children under the age of eight years are developmentally unable to understand the difference between advertising and regular programming (Michael). The average child sees more than 20,000 commercials each year (AAP). More than 60% of commercials promote sugared cereals candy fatty foods and toys (AAP). Cartoon programs based on toy products are especially attractive. Advertisements targeting adolescents are profoundly influential, particularly on cigarette use (Strasburg VC). The question of whether children are more resilient to the influence of television is debated frequently. Most studies show th at the more time children spend watching television, the more they are influenced by it (Strasburg VC). Earlier studies have shown that boys may be more susceptible than girls to television violence (Gould MS). period Children in the United States watch about four hours of TV every day. Watching movies on tape or DVD and playing video games only adds to time spent in front of the TV screen. It may be tempting to use television, movies and video games to keep your child busy, but your child necessarily to spend as much time exploring and learning as possible. Playing, reading and spending time with friends and families is much healthier than sitting in front of a TV screen. Professional Wrestling In recent years, the entertainment industry saw the booming and revitalization of professional combat. Professional wrestling is so popular today that ABCs Monday Night Football and the NBA Playoffs were dominated in terms of ratings (Fennelly). Professional wrestling continuously tops the charts among cable programming. In spite of all this, what is happening to Americas youth? Vince McMahon, the chairman and owner of the World Wrestling Federation (WWF), reports that 15% of his audience are 11 years old and under. Another 15% are between 12 and 17 years old. Adults from 18 years and older comprise the other 70% of the total viewers. McMahon notes his television shows are rated TV14 (McMahon). However, what happens to the 15%, or one million viewers of his audience who are 11 years old and under? Some people blame professional wrestling as the cause for an increase in violence among children. The two top organizations today are the WWF and its rival, World Championship Wrestling (WCW). WCW is a little more toned down than the WWF. In either case, violence is available to children across America every Monday night. In one episode of WCW, Macho Man sexy Savage attacked an opponent and his valets, Miss Madness and Gorgeous George, jumped off a turnbuckle onto his opp onent and choked him out with a heel (Fennelly). Todays version of professional wrestling, WWF in particular, is more violent, sexual, and vulgar than ever before (Fennelly). Many pediatricians and parents argue that wrestling is teaching children at a young age everything that is bad in society. Is it pleasurable to make racial stereotypes? Is it acceptable to make crude remarks? Is it acceptable to have children say, Kiss my ass or Suck it (Rosellini)? In a shocking study of 50 episodes done by an Indiana University-Inside Edition, there were 1,658 instances of grabbing or pointing to ones crotch, 157 instances of an obscene finger gesture, 128 episodes of simulated sexual activity, and 21 references to urination (Rosellini). In other episodes of the controversial wrestling shows, a mock crucifixion, SM scenes, wrestlers mooning others and a woman sucking on an Italian sausage was shown (Rosellini). Some of the characters depicted on WWF television advertise a type of message n ot meant for children. The character Val Venis, portrays a former film star that gyrates over opponents in the ring. (WWF Val Venis) Then, there is the Undertaker who portrays every bit of evil as a messenger of death. (WWF Undertaker) Val Venis friend is the Godfather who portrays a pimp. Before every match, a few hos (whores) accompany him to the ring. (WWF Godfather) Finally, there is Debra, who uses sex by discovery to her underwear on television to distract an opponent. Even more shocking is the way her breasts have come to be known as puppies (WWF Debra). Therefore, besides violence, kids are exposed to sex and death on television. In fact, Rena Mero, a former WWF employee, recently filed suit claiming that the WWF had become obscene and violent (USA TodayViolenceThe amount of violence on television is on the rise . The average child sees 12,000 violent acts on television annually, including many depictions of murder and rape. More than 1000 studies defend that exposure to he avy doses of television violence increases aggressive behavior, particularly in boys (AAP). Other studies link television or newspaper publicity of suicides to an increased suicide risk. The following groups of children may be more vulnerable to violence on television Children from minority and immigrant groups Emotionally disturbed children Children with learning disabilities Children who are abused by their parents and Children in families in distress. Physicians who see a child with a history of aggressive behavior should inquire about the childs exposure to violence portrayed on television. Children learn their attitudes about violence at a very young age and these attitudes tend to last. Although TV violence has been studied the most, researchers are finding that violence in other media impacts children and teens in many of the same harmful ways. From media violence children learn to behave aggressively toward others. They are taught to use violence instead of pigheadedn ess to take care of problems or conflicts. Violence in the media world may make children more accepting of real-world violence and less caring toward others. Children who see a lot of violence from movies, TV shows, or video games may become more fearful and look at the real world as a mean and scary place. Although the effects of media on children might not be apparent right away, children are being negatively affected. Sometimes children may not act out violently until their teen or young-adult year. Over the past two decades, hundreds of studies have examined how violent programming on TV affects children and young people. while a direct cause and effect link is difficult to establish, there is a growing consensus that some children may be vulnerable to violent images and messages. Researchers have identified three potential responses to media violence in children Increased fearalso known as the mean and scary world syndrome Children, particularly girls, are much more likely t han adults to be portrayed as victims of violence on TV, and this can make them more afraid of the world around them. desensitization to real-life violence Some of the most violent TV shows are childrens cartoons, in which violence is portrayed as humorousand realistic consequences of violence are seldom shown. This can be especially true of young children, who are more likely to exhibit aggressive behavior after viewing violent TV shows or movies. Parents should also pay close attention to what their children see in the news since studies have shown that kids are more afraid of violence in news coverage than in any other media content. Fear based on real news events increases as children get older and is better able to descry fantasy from reality The Research Center for Families and Children indicates that moderate television watching with discretion in program viewing can be somewhat beneficial for school age children. Van Evra is in agreement. Both indicate that those children who watched a moderate amount of TV performed better academically than those children who excessively watched television or those children who did not watch television at all. Research on media violence is often misunderstood by the general public. One reason has to do with research methodology. We cant randomly assign children early in their lives to watch different doses of violence on television and then 15 years later see which children committed violent crimes. But the same type of limitation also exists for medical research We cant randomly assign groups of people to smoke differing amounts of cigarettes for 15 years, and then count the number of people who developed cancer. Tobacco researchers conduct correlational studies in which they look at the amount people have smoked during their lives and then chart the rate at which they have succumbed to cancer. They control statistically for other factors, of courseother healthy and unhealthy behaviors that either reduce or promo te the goal to develop cancer. Then they can find out whether smoking contributed to cancer, over and above these other influences. And since they cant do cancer experiments on people, they use animal studies. These are artificial, but they tell us something about the short-term effects of tobac

Marketing Plan for a New Sim Card

merchandiseing Plan for a New Sim CardThis marketing plan is designed for the launch of a sim wag that is inserted into the phone. The sim card allow for then save all the data onto the card and willing allow taking the card out and placing inside computer/laptop. past it will be fit to make calls, text and download items onto the sim card via the computer. It would be perfect if the phone battery ran out and deprivation to make an urgent call. Mobile phones sacrifice turned from being a luxury item to now being considered an essential to take on. This is one of the main reasons why there is need of such a merchandise that is daubd in such reliant on market. In 2009 1.2billion mobile phones where interchange worldwide and during the last quarter 340million units were sold which was a year over year increase by 8.3%.This plan outlines in the following pages, a renewed vision and strategic concentrate of what it will take to run a successful and profitable communication s ervice. A c areful evaluation of the weekly customer flow and communication schedule served as the foundation for this analysis and the following marketing plan. The product will be sell business to business but to gain more market piece the direct user will be targeted. The product will be sold through various mobile companies like Samsung and dell.Vision-The vision is to attach the market in U.K and after some years and gaining customer loyalty launch it around the globe in addition to position the product as user friendly and cheap.Competitive Advantage-Product is offering a unique service which is very aristocratical to avail and easy to use. Sim phone card welcome the ability to make calls as well as store data as much as 64 GB.This is a unique product no other product have offered this service before.Production-Production process will be outsourced to the with Giesecke Devrient.One of the main producers of sim cards in the world is the company Giesecke Devrient they ha ve 13 worldwide production locationsDulles, USAMexico City, MexicoSao Paolo, BrazilJohannesburg, South AfricaWembley, UKMunich, GermanyBarcelona, SpainMoscow, RussiaIstanbul, TurkeyCairo, EgyptHuangshi, ChinaSingaporeKnoxfield, AustraliaThe company plows and creates any type of Sim card required for your phone. They vex the process with art work design followed by the creation of the Sim card body i.e. size and shape. Once the Sim card is then created they will then piece of ground the product and send it to either ourselves or the company we are sell it To.The Company ensure that we ourselves are in complete control of the decision making, in the production of the sim card. One of the main factors we chose this company to work alongside is that they have locations spread across the globe and more importantly one situated in Wembley England.Current Market Situation-The current situation of market can be predict from these tables that mobile phone usage is increasing day by day and there is a lot of scope in telecom diligence.UK Mobile Operator Statistics and Market ShareFive mobile network operators are indentified in the UK byThe Worldwide Directory of Mobile Network Operators 2008. The UK market consists of 4 geopolitical areas, namely England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. For mobile phone purposes, various islands also have their own operators, such as the Isle of Man (located in the Irish Sea between North West England and Ireland) and the Channel Islands, notably Jersey and Guernsey.At the end of 2007 the UK had some 73.1 million mobile subscribers, which represented 9 percent of theEuropean mobile subscriber market.IE Market Research Corp.in its get together Kingdom Mobile Operator Forecast reported that the overall subscriber base in UK is still increasing, and the number of total subscribers will change from our intercommunicate 75.9 million in 2008 to 78.0 million in 2010, with wireless penetration expected to reach 126.0% in 2010.The five primary operators are3 UK,Orange,T-Mobile,Telefonica O2and Vodafone. In sum there are a number ofMobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNO), theMVNO Directoryclaims there are some 41 organizations active in the sector. These range from unoriginal MVNOs through to resellers, and include well-known names such asVirgin MobileandTesco.SourceThe Worldwide Directory of Mobile Network Operators 2008 c. 2008Vodafonecurrently (1Q 2008) has the largest UK market conduct with 25.4% of the market.Vodafone watchprovides an intimate snapshot of Vodafone, with SWOT, political analysis, market share, activities, communication opportunities, threats, political factors, company background and structure, management, revenue, market segmentation, market research on its peers, with a focus on Vodafone UK, its market share, and resumes of the Vodafone annual reports all presented in one handy monthly newsletter formatSourceThe Worldwide Directory of Mobile Network Operators 2008 c. 2008Telefonicas O2is a vibrant No. 2 in the market, only losing the the lead position in 3Q 2007. O2 is part of the Telefonica Group, and a new report -The Telefonica Report 2008 Strategy and lookout man 2008-11 provides timely analysis and insight into Telefonica short- to medium-term strategy, incorporating a SWOT-type review. From Telefonica future strategy perspective, the report covers the four-year period from 2008 to 2011.SourceThe Worldwide Directory of Mobile Network Operators 2008 c. 2008T-Mobiletakes third place in this highly free-enterprise(a) market. To learn more about T-Mobile, and its home market,(The German Telecommunications Report 2008)has been researched at source and features latest-available data covering all headline indicators 5-year industry forecasts through end-2012 company rankings and competitive landscapes covering leading multinational handset manufacturers and equipment vendors, domestic fixed-line and mobile operators, and analysis of latest industry news, trends and regulatory developments. This shows that the 3 is the or so growing mobile service company.SWOT analysis-StrengthsIn a market which is increasing in customersTechnology has risen, in 1995 0.4% of the population used the meshwork and technology and from September 2010 a total of 28.8% of the worlds population are technology users.http//www.internetworldstats.com/emarketing.htmVery unique and there is no other item that can do thisGreat for business men/women that travel a lotHeading into a market where new technology is being produced every month apple are fetching out a iphone 3G and google are fetching out the new Nexus Shttp//www.google.co.uk/nexus/http//www.apple.com/uk/iphone/compare-iphones/WeaknessesIn a very competitive marketWill have to wait for new forms of phones a0nd laptops out for it to workOpportunitiesWe are able to widen our product onto other phone companysWe are able to advance our product if it is successful at the beginningThreatsPotentially new technolog y could provide a better service than our productFuture monetary crisis could mean the pricing of the product could move up and down drasticallyPEST Analysis-Politicalnew government put in place could affect the price of the of items such as mobilesEconomicWith the current economic crisis that has occurred it has had a major effect on the price of products. This could make the pricing on the product very difficult.Potential items in the market could make pricing very difficultConsumer spending, less disposable income mixerBehaviour towards our product push aside everyone afford itFits well with work and leisure timesTechnologicalOur product is in a very competitive technological market i.esim cards, USB and mobilesWill be sold separate from the phone and will be sold in Phone shops such as Phones 4 u. To increase the range of where we sell the product we will also sell it in computer stores alongside mobiles phones. The internet is also an aspect in which we will sell the product.B randing and Labeling-The product will be branded as cheap and the name will be easy sim card and it will be label as go easy do easyPricing strategyhttp//marketingteacher.com/lesson-store/lesson-pricing.htmlPrice Skimming- Charge a high price because you product a substantial competitive advantage. However, the advantage is not sustainable. The high price tends to attract new competitors into the market, and the price inevitably falls due to increased supply. Manufacturers of digital watches used a skimming approach in the 1970s. Once other manufacturers were tempted into the market and the watches were produced at a lower unit cost, other marketing strategies and pricing approaches are implemented.Product Bundle pricing- here sellers combine several products in the same package. This also serves to move old stock. Videos and CDs are often sold using the bundle approach.Nokia n96 has memory card memory of 32 GB largest for phone (hold 7000 songs)Average price for 32 GBKingston USB r ange between 25 to 150 for qualityAverage selling price 30Boston matrixhttp//marketingteacher.com/lesson-store/lesson-boston-matrix.htmlWe are a problem child because These are products with a low share of a high egression market. They consume resources and generate little in return. They absorb most money as you attempt to increase market share.Hopefully become a whiz once we make a profit.The integrated production process starts with the artwork design, which is followed by the manufacturing of the card bodies, chip embedding, personalization, and the packaging and mailing of the cards.With GDs total fulfilment services, we handle the complete SIM supply chain on behalf of the network operator, i.e. every step from the transfer of the operators purchase order data to production to delivery.This process also covers GDs murder of the most original packaging variations, e.g. a combination of mobile phone positively charged marketing material plus voucher plus SIM card plus CD-ROM or such. This can also encompass conducting an inspection of the goods received as additional packaging components. Delivery can be made either directly to final customers or to stores.Network operators can access inventory information as well as order status online from GD. They can also completely integrate GDs total fulfilment services into the network operators existing materials management system. Promotion-To promote our product and to penetrate the market we will advertize it with different ways. For first 6 month magazine and newspaper, if we make a profit then look to then advertise on TV.Increase awareness in 70% of target market within 3months time period Enhance perception of superiority within 3 months time period. This is how the budget will be allocated to various fields to advertise.Advertising ObjectivesTo position product as user friendly.To strengthen image of product in consumers mind.To create continuity within campaign.To make out product by our competitors. Advertising will be done by various ways some of those are belowPrint layouts and copy radio set scriptsTelevision storyboardsTheme lines, art, package designs, illustrations, and so onBrochure or catalog layoutsOutdoor board designsAdvertising specialtiesSales promotion ideasInternet adsMarket Segmentations-Market will be segmented into 6 different groupsGroup 1 Group 2Age 25-45 Age 35-55 shake up Male Sex FemaleIncome 50,000 100,000 Income 75,000-150,000 educational activity College Graduate schooling AssociatesRace All Race CaucasianSocial categorise Upper Class Social Class swiftness classFamily Size 3-4 Family Size 4-5Geographical GeographicalGroup 3 Group 4Age 25-55 Age 35-55Sex Female Sex FemaleIncome 75,000 170,000 Income 15000 25000Education College Graduate Education Some CollegeRace All Race AllSocial Class Upper Class Social Class Middle ClassFamily Size 2-3 Family Size 4-5Geographical GeographicalProduct User 1st Time Buyer Product User Loyal to BrandLifestyle Th e safe Life Lifestyle Soccer MomGroup 5 Group 6Age 45-65 Age 35-55Sex Male Sex BothIncome50,000 100,000 Income 75,000 150,000Education Some Graduate School Education AssociateRace Caucasian Race African AmericanSocial Class Middle Class Social Class Upper ClassFamily Size 3-4 Family Size 4-5Target Market-Target market will be the people aged 25-45 and middle and upper class of society more business orientated people, who travel a lot and will need constant communication access.

How People with Autism Experience the World Essays -- Science Scientif

How People with Autism Experience the World Many of us go for heard of the neurologic disorder called autism, and have a general sense of what the term autism means and all of the typical behaviors that belong in its category. Yet, I must question how legion(predicate) of us out there who do take an interest in autism really understand how having this disorder can totally distort one(a)s perception of what one experiences in the manhood. A person with autism senses things differently than we normally do, and also responds to them in other ways what we would call abnormal behaviors. Why is this so? According to scientists, magnetic resonance imaging research studies have shown that the brains of autistic individuals have particular abnormalities in the cerebellum, brain stem, hippocampus, amygdala, the limbic system, and frontal cortex (7). This provides substantial evidence that autistic behaviors must be in some way caused by these abnormalities. The problem is that we do not know exactly how or why these abnormalities cause someone with autism to experience the world differently than we do. This underlying issue of autism has always greatly intrigued me, and yet the topic of sensory integrative dysfunction in autism has been overlooked for many years. Articles and documents addressing this feature of autism have begun to appear only recently. While conducting research for my paper, I tack together it a challenge to find articles that specifically talked about this topic that I desired so much to learn about. Thus, the ultimate goal of my discussion is to reveal a misunderstood, hidden world the complicated sensory dysfunctions that underlie autistic spectrum disorder. What have we found out so far about how people with autism experience the world? Al... ...s and Communication Disordershttp//www.autismtoday.com/articles/Auditory_Processing_Problems.htm8)Autism Today Page, An Inside View of Autismhttp//www.autismtoday.com/articles/An_Inside_View _of_Autism.htm9)Pub Med Page, Nicotinic Receptor Abnormalities in the Cerebellar cerebral cortex in Autismhttp//www.brainbank.org/HtmNew/Abstracts/LeeM.html10)Pub Med Page, Stereological Evidence of Abnormal Cortical Organization in Individuals with Autismhttp//www.brainbank.org/HtmNew/Abstracts/Hutsler.html11)Autism and Related Conditions Page, arresting and Motor Disorders http//www.ratbag.demon.co.uk/anna/asa/definitions/sensory.html12)National Center for Biotechnology Information Page, Neurofunctional Mechanisms in Autismhttp//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13)Autism Today Page, Sensory Disorder http//www.autismtoday.com/articles/Sensory_Disorder.htm

Scarlet Letter :: essays research papers

Symbolism is traditionally a sign or token of something. In the matterof literature, the definition of the literary device, symbolism, ismore complicated. Symbols of literature are usually metaphysical. Themain symbol of The Scarlet Letter is the red "A" that Hester Prynne was condemnd to wear on her chest. Nathaniel Hawthornes intention was tomake the kernel of the crimson token worn on the bosom of HesterPrynne is highly ambiguous. In this he was successful. Although the"A" means "adulteress" to the people of Boston, to reader the "A" mayhave other meanings such as "American" or "able". To the townspeople,author, and reader clearly the original intention of the "A" was tostand for "adulteress". When Hester Prynne became significant during theabsence of her husband she was acc employ and convicted of adultery. Hersentence was to wear a scarlet letter "A" on her bosom to let everyoneknow that she was an adult eress, forevermore. Because of her uniquesentence everyone knew that she was, in fact, an adulteress and peopletreated her that way. Society condemned her for her sin, withoutknowing anything else. Hester was forced to live alone on theoutskirts of the city. She was a seamstress, but got very littlebusiness. When she used her skills to decorate the "A", things onlygot worse. People felt that she was trying to show off the fact thatshe was an adulteress, or that she was proud to be. Hesters daughter,Pearl, was constantly ridicu lead by other children for beingness an "evil","devil" child. Clearly it was the first intention of the symbol toreve al that Hester Prynne was an adulteress. Although the firstintention of the "A" was to mark Hester Prynne as an adulteress, italso has other, more snatch meanings. The letter has a relation tothe word, "American". Hester Prynnes "A" reflects an "American"meaning in various ways. For one, America is a melting pot of manypeoples and ideas, as was Hesters "A". She earned that "A" undercertain situations. She was in a loveless marriage. She had beenseparated from her husband for 2 years. She thought he might be at thebottom of the sea. She was in love with another man. She wasperceived and punished under a strict Puritan eye. Like thedevelopment of America, the were many conditions that led to thedeveloped of Hesters "A". Another way that Hester Prynnes "A"symbolizes America, is that they were both shaped by past actions. Nomatter how Hester had changed, since her act of adultery, at any render