Reading Work In The New Workplace Centers Around Five...

Summary Reading Work: Literacies in the New Workplace centers around five adult educators and scholars who challenge the meaning of literacy in workplace environments by identifying subtleties beyond reading and writing. Belfiore, Defoe, Folinsbee, Hunter, and Jackson (2004) utilize â€Å"various strands of literacy theory and research associated with social practice, sociocultural or ‘the new literacy studies’ approaches to defining literacies† (pg. 4) to define this research. Throughout the book, literacies are compared to multiple threads that are interlaced to constitute one workplace tapestry, symbolizing how literacies are affected by complex contexts and relationships. Triple Z Triple Z is part of a multi-national company in the U.S., located in Canada that produces pickle and relish products. Belfiore discovers through her research with Triple Z that many employees are afraid of closure and job loss due to new standards implemented for audits by different agencies. Belfiore calculates confusion among the workers regarding this new paperwork. For the laborers, productivity is more important than stopping their work to do paperwork. Belfiore deduces that there were many instances when the value of documentation was not communicated to the employees. Because of these contradictions, Triple Z is a classic example of an organization in need of literacy training. Texco Texco is a multi-national company selling niche fabrics worldwide. Like Triple Z, documentation impactsShow MoreRelatedLanguage And Literature Newsletter Language Acquisition2290 Words   |  10 Pagesacquired by children, we designed this newsletter, hoping you and our center can make a united effort to promote young children’s language skills. Language is not a pure combination of words. Instead, language was firstly defined by Ferdinand de Saussure as a system of language and a massive usage of speech in certain ways (Lyons, 1981). A more contemporary understanding of languages is that languages are the ways that unit us to work collectively, entailing four dimensions, namely communication, conversationRead MoreGeneral Education Development Testing 1 Essay2152 Words   |  9 Pagesrates of marriage, increased incidence of divorce and births outside marriage, increased involvement with the welfare and legal systems, and even poor health among high school drop outs. 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The establishment and maintenance of safe and supportive classrooms that contribute to high quality studentRead More Incorporating Technology into the Classroom Essay3144 Words   |  13 Pagesof why technology should be a part of every classroom curriculum, what would the conclusion be? Technology is a great benefit to the classroom, it stimulates our digital generation and allows educators to be more creative with curriculum. â€Å"Technology has provided the opportunity to create an entirely new learning environment; it has significantly increased the range and sophistication of possible classroom activities† (Hawkins 1997). The vast majority of youths today, grow up with computers andRead MoreEssay about Types of Motivation3483 Words   |  14 PagesTypes of Motivation Before we can examine different theories of achieving student motivation we must understand what it is. An article from ERIC (Educational Resources Information Center) pointed out an important distinction in types of motivation (1997): â€Å"Student motivation naturally has to do with students desire to participate in the learning process. But it also concerns the reasons or goals that underlie their involvement or noninvolvement in academic activities.† These two types ofRead More Why Teachers Should Understand ADHD Essays2015 Words   |  9 Pageswhile others say it is a learning disorder. Ever since 1980 when the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders officially recognized ADD/ADHD as a behavior disorder, the definition has kept evolving and changing. But ADD/ADHD has been around a lot longer than twenty-three years. Some in the medical professions believe â€Å"ADHD is a common mental disorder and has been recognized in one form or another for over a ce ntury† (Conners and Jett, 1999, p. 3). Teacher oriented literature leans towardRead MoreApplication of Observational Learning6241 Words   |  25 Pagestheory from educational theory. Most introductory texts distinguish between three large families of thought. 1. Behaviorism is interested in looking at behavior and observable changes. Therefore behaviorism in instruction focuses on generating new behavior patterns. 2. Cognitivism is interested in looking at the thought processes behind the behavior. Therefore cognitivist learning theory stresses acquisition of (including reorganization) of cognitive structures. 3. Constructivism claimsRead MoreImportance of English Communication Proficiency7628 Words   |  31 Pageswithout a doubt the actual universal language† said Carlos Carrion Torres of Brazil. While English is not an official language in most countries, it is the language most often taught as a second language. English is most widely used in communicating around the world. The information that the researchers gathered about communication and English made them realized that the two terminologies must be always together. Good communication creates a good ambience and relationship between everyone in every organizationRead MoreBusiness Strategy About Samsung5844 Words   |  24 Pages that have performed phenomenally in society. Currently  Rev. Bro. Janaka Fonseka  FSC is the Director of the College. The school was considered as the leading school in the island in the 1960s.   The College provides education to around 3000 students with a staff of around 200 qualified and trained teachers. Students are enrolled from Grade 1 to 13 with the local syllabus in English Sinhala and Tamil mediums. |St. Benedicts College | |[pic]Read MoreBusiness Strategy About Samsung5858 Words   |  24 Pages that have performed phenomenally in society. Currently  Rev. Bro. Janaka Fonseka  FSC is the Director of the College. The school was considered as the leading school in the island in the 1960s.   The College provides education to around 3000 students with a staff of around 200 qualified and trained teachers. Students are enrolled from Grade 1 to 13 with the local syllabus in English Sinhala and Tamil mediums. |St. Benedicts College | |[pic]

Organic Chemis Free Essays

CHEMISTRY HIGHER lEvEl PaPER 2 Monday 18 May 2009 (afternoon) 2 hours 15 minutes INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your session number in the boxes above. Do not open this examination paper until instructed to do so. Section A: answer all of Section A in the spaces provided. We will write a custom essay sample on Organic Chemis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Section B: answer two questions from Section B. Write your answers on answer sheets. Write your session number on each answer sheet, and attach them to this examination paper and your cover sheet using the tag provided. At the end of the examination, indicate the numbers of the questions answered in the candidate box on your cover sheet and indicate the number of sheets used in the appropriate box on your cover sheet. †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Candidate session number 0 0 2209-6108 19 pages  © International Baccalaureate Organization 2009 0119 –2– Section a Answer all the questions in the spaces provided. 1. M09/4/CHEMI/HP2/ENG/TZ1/XX+ Biodiesel makes use of plants’ ability to fix atmospheric carbon by photosynthesis. Many companies and individuals are now using biodiesel as a fuel in order to reduce their carbon footprint. Biodiesel can be synthesized from vegetable oil according to the followingreaction. O H C O C R O H C O C R (l)+ 3CH3OH(l) O H C O C R H H H NaOH(s) H C OH H C OH (l)+3 CH3 H C OH H O O C R (l) vegetableoil (a) methanol glycerol biodiesel [1] Identifytheorganicfunctionalgrouppresentinbothvegetableoilandbiodiesel. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. (b) For part of her extended essay investigation into the efficiency of the process, a student reacted a pure sample of a vegetable oil (where R=C17H33) with methanol. Therawdatarecordedforthereactionisbelow. Massofoil = 1013. g Massofmethanol = 200. 0g Massofsodiumhydroxide = 3. 5g Massofbiodieselproduced= 811. 0g Therelativemolecularmassoftheoilusedbythestudentis885. 6. Calculatetheamount (inmoles)oftheoilandthemethanolused,andhencetheamount(inmoles)ofexcess [3] methanol. How to cite Organic Chemis, Papers

The Careless Society ( John Mcknight ) free essay sample

Reviews work on corruption of community medical system by creation of diseases, expansion of health service sector and the curricularization of health education. The Careless Society: Community and Its Counterfeits, by John McKnight, is a collection of lectures and articles written from 1972 to 1992 by the author. McKnight is the director of the Community Studies Program at the Center for Urban Affairs and Policy Research at Northwestern University. He uses his experience working in communities and at the center as the basis for most of the book. The work is not a scholarly text, but a series of observations and opinions based on McKnights experiences which he supports by examples, studies, and anecdotes. The problems he addresses include street crime, poverty, ill health, and the despair people face when they feel powerless and alone. McKnight criticizes the social service industry for many of the items on this list. He suggests that providing. We will write a custom essay sample on The Careless Society ( John Mcknight ) or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page .

Personality Identifier Essay Example

Personality Identifier Paper Personality Identifier: the four temperaments According to some psychologists, bible scholars and theologians there are four basic temperaments that determine our personality types. Research reveals that this study goes far back as many as a thousand years. When we are able to identify who we really are and our temperamental tendencies, we are better able to regulate ourselves. Being aware of our personal tendencies allows us to create self-control and self-discipline within ourselves to avoid unnecessary pitfalls within our lives. If someone is aware that they are more prone to succumbing depression, that person can lean on God to help them control negative emotions and harmful thoughts that would encourage that depression. Knowing our own personality type better assists us in our relationships with others. Everyone that we do not get along with cannot be deemed evil sometimes its as simple as a clash in personality types. What If that person Is someone that you cannot avoid, Like your boss? Understanding your personality type and your bosses personality type will give you the Information that you need to properly manage that relationship. We will write a custom essay sample on Personality Identifier specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Personality Identifier specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Personality Identifier specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer There Is thing worse than going Into work every day to work for a boss that you do not get along with. But when you can navigate others by identifying their personality type you are more likely to have a better relationship with that person. Aside from boosting our relationships, understanding your personality type can better your ministry, your family relations (especially if you are a parent) and even your business. Although there are four basic temperaments, many of us are a combination of two. The following are examples of the combinations: Mel-Color, Color-San, San-phlegm, Phlegm-Mel, Melisa, Color-Phlegm; as well as the reverse of the latter: Color-Mel, San- Color, Phlegm-San, Melville, San-Mel, and Phlegm-Color. The order of temperaments Is determined based on which temperament was the dominant temperament within an Individual. SANGUINE The first temperament type is called sanguine. This is the most emotional type. The Sanguine is the popular person who wants to fun out of every situation and always wants to be the life of the party. Sanguine love to talk and carry lot of influence. The Sanguine are the easiest to spot because they make grand entrances, love attention, attract people with their magnetism, exude charisma, and tell funny stories. What they want to hear from you is how attractive they are, how you like their hair, make-up, clothes, dangling rhinestone earrings or anything else they have put on to ensure that you notice them. They live for the externals and want you to get excited over their style, sense of humor or new red sports car. Sanguine are popular, talkative and the center of attention at all times, no matter the setting. They are warm, caring, and enjoying?its easy for something to warm tenet near Ana teen nave an tourist AT response. Although at times, teen may speak before they think they are sincere and loving. Never at a loss for words, this extrovert is everybodys friend but this person will also be the first one to forget you. The Sanguine lives for the moment, and tends to go with the flow easily. They are quickly distracted, therefore not very reliable. But shes so lovable that her friends tend to pass off her weaker tendencies, saying, Thats Just the way Sandy is. A person with a sanguine temperament is affectionate, loving, cheerful, optimistic, hopeful, and confident. Because of their bubbly personality, they often appear phony ND comes on too strong. They are apt to dominate the conversation or talk too much about themselves. In their enthusiasm, they may exaggerate the truth, waste time, and forget obligations. The Sanguine has more natural inner-beauty qualities than the other temperame nts. They can work on calmness and on controlling their tongue. This trait can be assisted by using Gods Word, particularly in Colombians 4:6, Let your speech be always with grace, seasoned with salt, that you may know how you ought to answer every man. Sanguine are frequently not disciplined, and this is, of course, very difficult for the third personality yep called melancholy to understand. Sanguine wear their heart on their sleeve, but they very easily forgive and forget. As quickly as a Sanguine will discover a new hobby or pursuit, that love of it can be lost when it ceases to be engaging or fun. An example of a sanguine in the bible is the Apostle Peter. Another example is King Saul. Both were quite unstable in their emotions. That is why even why Jesus changed his name from Simon meaning reed to Peter meaning stone. We saw how Peter changed dramatically when he was filled with the Holy Spirit (see Acts 2 and 3). He came a Christenings, stable, reliable and faithful man of God and one of the greatest apostles that ever lived. This is what happens when we allow the Spirit of God and Gods word to shape our emotional life. CHOLERIC The second temperament or personality type is called choleric. The Choleric is the powerful person who wants to take control of every situation and make decisions for others. Choleric love to work and they possess dominance. They are identified as the Powerful Person and are easy to spot because they walk with authority and appears to be in charge of everything. Such people dont want to waste much time on trivial activity with no obvious results or converse with people who have nothing to say of significance. They are frequently telling other people what to do and pointing out the dummies of life. They accomplish more than any of the other personality types, can quickly assess what needs to be done, and are usually right. They dont need to be affirmed on their looks, but they love praise for their accomplishments; their speed in problem solving; their constant goal setting, their loyalty to God, church, mother, business, or country; and their sense of fair play. If you are a Phlegmatic- the fourth personality type; you get worn out Just watching these people, but if you want them to be impressed with you, tell them how amazed you are at how much teen accomplish In a very snort time. I nee may never nave notable you Detour but they will suddenly see you as a person of great discernment. The Choleric is the no-nonsense person?practicality is her way of life. Self-sufficient, active, and hard- working, the Choleric gets it done. Ill do something, right or wrong, is a phrase that characterizes them. They get the Job done, whether the results are perfect or not. Choleric plan quickly, almost intuitively sizing up what needs to be done, then follows through with the plan. You wont catch them deliberating too long over details. This dogmatic person is a born leader, very keen and capable of responsibility. They will take a stand and stick to it, no matter what?a good and bad aspect of the temperament. As they will not be influenced by what others think and is also the least sensitive or sympathizing of the other four temperaments. You learn to steer clear of the Choleric if you want a shoulder to cry on?theyll Just diagnose your problem and give you a solution. Yet, when you come to understand their personality, they are fun to be around and very capable. The choleric person is an extrovert. They are sure of their ability to handle any situation and can motivate others to action. Their personality perhaps has more weaknesses than strengths. For instance, they are quick tempered and easily angered. Choleric temperaments are irritated easily. The Choleric will have to work at developing the inner beauty of a calm spirit. The person who identifies with this personality type can find in Gods Word the best way to grow, in Philippians 2:13, which says, For it is God which works in you both to will and to do f his good pleasure. The words of James chapter one verse nineteen may also be helpful: Be swift to hear, slow to speak, slow to wrath. An example of the choleric in the bible is the Apostle Paul. But when he encountered Christ, he became a very broken and changed man. MELANCHOLY The third temperament is called melancholy, who is also known as the perfect person who wants everything done in order and done properly and who appreciates art and music. Melancholies love to an alyze are cautious. The Melancholy Perfect Person is usually neatly put together and intellectual looking person. These people are usually quiet, reserved, and a little ill-at-ease in social situations where they dont know everyone. They would rather talk quietly with one person in depth than banter with a group. They consider compliments on clothes and external niceties to be trivial and want to hear about the inner virtues of integrity, wisdom, and spiritual values. Often times melancholies marry Sanguine who cant find their way inside these deep virtues and who keep telling them how cute they look. When we dont understand these differences, we are giving out the very treasures that everyone wants but the melancholies. The Melancholy is very sensitive and easily hurt and tends to take what others say in humor as personal and hurtful. Since Sanguine and Choleric say whatever comes to their minds without weighing their words, they often deflate the Melancholy who is waiting for someone to approach them and say, l understand you. And really mean it. The Melancholy is ten analytical, systematic person, won ladder over eat a ills. An extreme Introvert art, teen are constantly analyzing themselves, and others. Though sometimes they can be at the height of happiness, they are more prone to the dark, gloomy and depressed odds, during which they are extremely withdrawn. Not given much to large crowds ?they usually detest group gatherings and doesnt seek to make new acquaintances. They have a few friends, to whom they are extremely faithful. Self-sacrifice is a great pleasure for a Melancholy, and they feel things rather intensely, though you wouldnt always know it. They are the studious, brainier type, and facts roll easily off their tongue. They can hide much away their brain and would rather read or study than interact with others. Gloominess, irritability, and depression characterize the Melancholy. They often times can be sad and unhappy. A melancholic personality type is very frequently gifted with intellect and talent. They are self-disciplined and usually finishes every project they start. The Holy Spirit may have more work to do in the Melancholy because of the need to develop qualities of their inner beauty. The Melancholy will find help in such verses as Colombians 3:15 and 16: And let the peace of God rule in your hearts Let the word of Christ dwell in you richly in all wisdom; teaching and admonishing one another in psalms and hymns and spiritual songs, singing with grace in your hearts to the Lord. Colombians 3:2 will also help, And set your minds and keep them set on what is above (the higher things), not on the things that are on the earth An example of melancholy in the bible is Moses. When he met God in the burning bush, his life changed, and he became a very meek man. Because of the change within Moses God was truly able to place Moses in his divine destiny, to be a deliverer of Gods people. PHLEGMATIC The fourth personality type is called phlegmatic. The Phlegmatic is the peaceful person who wants to stay out of trouble, keep life on an even plane and get along with everybody. Phlegmatic like to rest and show steadiness. I have met many in my life and it is amazing how quickly we can learn to spot these people therefore giving us the ability to approach them correctly. The Phlegmatic Peaceful Person is amiable, easy to get along with and relaxed. These people fit into any situation, can blend in with the wallpaper and modify their personality to get along without conflict. They laugh with those who laugh and cry with those who cry. Everyone loves the low-key nature of the inoffensive phlegmatic, and though they are not loud like the Sanguine, they do have a witty sense of humor. They often lean while standing and sit in enforceable recliner chairs if at all possible. They dont need a lot of praise like the Sanguine, nor do they want to be in charge like the Choleric or get to deeply involved like the Melancholy. They do appreciate being noticed every once in a while, being included in conversations that they themselves wont push into on their own. Being told that they are of value and their opinion is respected means much to them. Since they often marry Choleric, whose idea of value is wrapped up in how much is accomplished in a given day, they do not get appreciate much Tort tenet quiet Ana gentle split. I nee, In turn, Tina It Doolittle to praise the constant projects of the Choleric because it wears them out Just thinking of them. The phlegmatic is a super introvert. It is difficult to rouse them to action. At times they can be selfish and stubborn but most of the time they are easy to get along with and cheerful. Phlegmatic people are conservative and usually neat, efficient, and dependable. The Phlegmatic is the easy-going, happy-go-lucky person. They are enjoyable to be around, is always happy and gets many pleasures from life, yet he is quite laid-back and doesnt get too excited about much. Phlegmatic would rather take the blame, whether its their fault or not, than stir up controversy or pick a fight. On the Job, they do not seek out the power or the limelight, but rather they work steadily, patiently, and methodically. They are reliable, patient, and methodical in their dealings, and can either work alone or with the most difficult personalities. They naturally have a dry sense of humor and their wittiness keeps their companions laughing constantly. Phlegmatic dont get ruffed about much and is the same, consistent, caring person each time you see them. They tend not to get too involved n things, and would rather sit back and watch the action. A phlegmatic is gracious and kind to all?they love every one and they all love him back. The phlegmatic has some natural inner beauty. Compassion for others is an area they may need to improve. Romans 12:10 says, Be kindly affectionate one to another In honor preferring one another. An example of a phlegmatic in the bible is Abraham. After he listened to Sarah about having a baby with her servant Hager, he did not have a problem with allowing Hager and Shame to live with he and Sarah. Hussars attitude began to change toward Sarah and their relationship become very toxic. Sarah pleaded with Abraham to send Hager and Shame out but Abraham contested.

Antimony essays

Antimony essays Metallic antimony is an extremely brittle metal of a flaky, crystalline texture. It is bluish white and has a metallic luster. It is not acted on by air at room temperature, but burns brilliantly when heated with the formation of white fumes. It is a poor conductor of heat and electricity. Antimony and its compounds are toxic. It is found mostly with other minerals and in stibnite. In crystal form, Antimony is a yellow crystal. Antimony can affect you when breathed in and by passing through your skin. Exposure can irritate the eyes, nose, throat and skin. Very high levels could cause Antimony poisoning, with symptoms of nausea, headaches, abdominal pain, trouble breathing and death. Repeated exposure can cause an abnormal chest x-ray to develop and can also damage the heart and liver. o Prolonged or repeated contact can cause skin, nose and mouth ulcers or sores. o If used near acid, a deadly gas can be formed. Semiconductor technology for making infrared detectors, diodes, and Hall-effect devices. Alloys with percentages ranging from 1 to 20 - greatly increases the hardness and mechanical strength of lead Batteries, antifriction alloys, type metal, small arms and tracer bullets, cable sheathing, and minor products use about half the metal produced Oxides, sulphides, sodium antimonate, and antimony trichloride are used in manufacturing flame-proofing compounds, paints, ceramic enamels, glass, and pottery. Tartar emetic (hydrated potassium antimonyltartate) is used in medicine Enamels, rubber compounds, matches and to make metal alloys Metallic antimony is an extremely brittle metal of a flaky, crystalline texture. It is bluish white and has a metallic luster. It is not acted on by air at room temperature, but burns brilliantly when heated with the formation of white fumes ...

How to Pay for College Without Loans

How to Pay for College Without Loans SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The question of how to pay for college is usually one with a complicated answer. Your own unique financial situation, interests, strengths, weaknesses, and preferences all come into play. Some of the most important factors that come up center around your ability and willingness to take out student loans. In this guide, I'll thoroughly cover how to pay for college without loans. This can help you pay for college without going broke, or at least graduating without a load of student debt. Maybe taking out loans for college isn’t a good financial option for you. Maybe your parents can’t or won’t co-sign on the necessary loans. Maybe you just hate the thought of having student debt. Whatever your reasons, choosing to pay for college without loans is a completely valid decision. I won’t sugarcoat this - it might make paying for college more difficult, especially if you don’t have many other financial aid options available. That isn’t to say, however, that there aren’t some viable options available for almost any student who wants to avoid taking on debt. Before going through all these options, I’ll briefly talk about college expenses and the reasons why some people choose to take out loans. Then, I’ll give non-loan aid options for students based on whether they demonstrate high or low financial need. I’ll finish off with info on how much aid you can expect to receive without having to take on debt. What Does College Cost? Why Do People Take Out Loans? The first expense you probably think of when calculating colleges costs will probably be tuition. Average tuition rates vary by the type of school you attend: $31,231 average tuition for private colleges $9,139 average tuition for in-state residents at public colleges $22,958 average tuition for out-of-state residents at public colleges Tuition is expensive enough on its own, but it's not the only major expense associated with attending college.You’re also responsible for room, board, transportation, books, and personal expenses.The cost of room and board also varies by school type, although not as widely as tuition costs: $,188 average room board at private colleges $9,804 average room board at public colleges If we add tuition, room, board, and other expenses, the average cost of attending college in the US ranges from $19,000 - $42,419.This is a pretty huge annual expense when we consider that the average US household income is about $50,000. So how does the average student afford these huge expenses? As it turns out, most students don't end up paying full sticker price for college. As of a few years ago, the average student received about $7,000 in non-loan financial aid per year - the rest of college costs would be covered by family contributions or (as we'll talk more about shortly), loans. A financial aid award of $7,000 makes a significant dent in total college expenses, especially if you're attending a less expensive school, but it would rarely cover all tuition, room, and board costs. If non-loan aid and family contributions don't add up to students' total college costs, they'll need help making up the difference. The average US student has about $28,400 in loans after graduation. In my experience, most students anticipate having to take out loans unless they're in one of two situations: They demonstrate very high financial need, thereby qualifying for many need-based aid programs. If they attend a school that meets all financial need, their families may not have to pay a cent to send them to college. They come from wealthy families who are able to cover all college expenses, even if they don't qualify for any need-based financial aid. Most students are somewhere in the middle, with a gap between what they have (savings, grants, scholarships) and what they need (total cost). This is where loans traditionally come in. There’s nothing inherently bad about taking out student loans, but if you’re striving to avoid student debt, the next section will outline all viable options and strategies. Financial Aid Options: How to Pay for School Without Student Loans Want to say no to student loans? This section will outline realistic financial strategies to help you do that. Your options for paying for school without loans largely depend on your financial status. Many non-loan financial aid options are need-based, so students who demonstrate high financial need tend to have more aid opportunities. There are some merit-only aid options that don’t take financial need into account - if you don’t demonstrate much financial need, those options will be a good place to start. Before you start considering non-loan payment strategies, you may find it helpful to estimate your own financial need. This way, you'll have a better idea of what aid options (merit-based only, or merit- and need-based) are available to you. Unfortunately,the amount you believe your family can afford doesn’t always match up with the amount that aid sources (schools, government, and private scholarship funds) determine you can afford. To get a realistic idea of what many need-based aid sources will expect your family to contribute, check out the FAFSA4caster: Enter in relevant financial information to get an unofficial EFC, or Expected Family Contribution The federal government, schools, and some need-based aid sources use this number to make an assessment of your family’s financial need The lower your EFC, the more aid you're likely to be eligible for Once you make this estimate, you'll know whether you should focus on the need-based aid options. High Financial Need: Need-Based Aid A lot of non-loan financial aid options are available for students from low-income families. Many of these aid sources are based on financial need or a combination of merit and financial need. Grants Federal grants: The Pell Grant is awarded to students with low EFCs. Check out Pell Grant eligibility requirements and application instructions. Institutional grants: Many top schools have exceptional need-based financial aid programs. Some even claim to meet 100% of unmet need without using loans - that is, anything that you can't afford to pay after getting federal grants or scholarships. Scholarships Many top scholarships are need-based and provide very generous awards.If they cover all unmet need, they'll pay for all expenses that aren't covered by grants or other scholarships. Some awards give you a set amount every semester or every year; others are nonrenewable, one-time awards. It'snot easy to budget around scholarships because they’re unpredictable, and the best ones tend to be very competitive. To start your scholarship search, check out our guides to the top scholarship programs for high school seniors and high school juniors. The Perkins Loan I know this is supposed to be a post on non-loan financial aid options only, but hear me out - if you plan on pursuing certain service careers, you could be eligible for 100% loan cancellation if you take out a Perkins loan. If you get your loan canceled or forgiven, it essentially functions as a grant - that is, it's free money to pay for school. The Perkins loan is meant for students with exceptional financial need. Read more about the Perkins loan program, its eligibility requirements, and the forgiveness process. Schools You may be able to avoid student loans just by applying to the right schools. Some schools, particularly top private colleges, tend to offer generous financial aid packages. Like I mentioned earlier, some of them even commit to covering all unmet financial need - the schools with the best financial aid programs don't ask students to take out loans in order to cover costs, either. If you're interested in public schools, stay in-state -resident tuitions and costs are usually much lower forthan those for non-residents. Low Financial Need: Merit-Based Aid There are fewer non-loan aid options for students who come from higher-income families, but they’re still out there! Keep in mind that you don't have to be higher-income to qualify for merit-based aid - anyone could theoretically benefit from the aid options listed below. Scholarships There are a ton of merit-based scholarships out there. You’ll have to make sure to carefully read all eligibility requirementsbecause some scholarship programs also take financial need into account. To get started with your scholarship search, check out our guides to the top awards for high school seniors and juniors. The Coca-Cola Scholarship is a particularly large merit-based scholarship award. Schools Even if your family has a relatively high income, you may still qualify for institutional grants at certain schools. Some private schools with top financial aid programs award aid to families who make well into six figures - for example, Harvard doesn’t ask families to contribute more than 10% of their adjusted gross income. If you're interested in public schools, apply to college and universities in-state - your tuition will be much cheaper, on average, than if you attended an out-of-state public school. If you ultimately won’t qualify for much need-based aid but have other academic, athletic, or artistic strengths that make you a competitive applicant, you could qualify for merit-based aid. Start by checking out this list of schools that award the most merit-based aid - all the schools listed awarded merit aid to at least 40% of their students last year. How Much Can You Get Without Loans? You don't need a fountain pen to do these calculations, although you're welcome to use one. In this section, I'll run through realistic expectations of how much money you can earn through different aid options. I'll run through realistic example situations at the end. Grants and Other School-Based Aid This aid will vary widely (not unsurprisingly) by school. Schools’ net price calculators will give you a good idea of how much money they could offer you if you were accepted. You’ll have to enter relevant financial info (e.g. income, assets) for both you and your parents in order to get an accurate estimate. If a school awards merit-based aid, they might also ask about things like GPA and SAT/ACT scores. To access a particular institution's net price calculator, just google "[school name] net price calculator." Scholarships Unfortunately, there’s no good rule of thumb to estimate how much money you could get from scholarships that you apply to. Many scholarships are pretty competitive, so the more programs you apply to, the better your chances of getting funding. If you start looking at scholarships earlier in your high school career, you can get a head start in targeting better scholarships. Examples I'll run through two different financial aid scenarios here to show you howyou can cover your college costs without taking out any loans. In the first example, the student is attending a public school and has low financial need; in the second example, the student is attending a private school and has high financial need. Public School + Low Need Student A is a high achiever who comes from a relatively wealthy family in Arizona. I plugged some general academic and financial information into Arizona State University's net price calculator to come up with her Cost of Attendance. Here's her background information: Current high school senior in Arizona National Merit Program Finalist Ranked #5 in a class of 150, 3.8 GPA 730 on SAT critical reading and math sections Combined family income: $150,000 And here's her financial aid output: There are a few things you should notice about this output: She's saving money right off the bat because she's applying to an in-state public school. Her tuition costs are $10,478, but tuition for an out-of-state resident at ASU comes to $25,042. Her expected family contribution (EFC) is pretty high - ASU expects her family to be able to afford $32,770 a year, which more than covers her costs. She isn't offered any need-based aid, but she is offered a merit-based scholarship of $13,000. She wouldn't be offered this scholarship if she wasn't a high-achiever. With this scholarship, her total out-of-pocket costs for the year come to $14,260. Since Student A's parents make $150,000 a year, ASU assumes thatthey can more than afford a bill of about $14,260 a semester - they wouldn't have to take out any loans to cover these expenses (although they could if they wanted to). Sometimes, though, families are unwilling or unable to make such a contribution. If this is the case for Student A, she could help mitigate these costs by applying to scholarship programs. Private School + High Need Student B is a California resident who's applied to Stanford. He comes from a family of 4 with high financial need. I plugged in some general demographic and financial information (no academic or merit information) into Stanford's net price calculator. Here's his background info: Current high school senior in California One 15-year-old sibling Combined family income: $40,000 And here's his financial aid output: Here's what you should notice about this output: Unlike for Student A, Student B has been offered financial aid based only on financial need - not on merit (although keep in mind that Student B would have to be a high achiever in order to get into Stanford in the first place). Student B'stotal costs ($64,900) are higher than those of Student A ($27,260), but Student B was offered way more in scholarship grant money ($59,900) Stanford doesn't expect Student B's family to make any financial contribution to these costs. Stanford does, however, expect Student B to contribute a small amount ($5,000) through a student job and/or savings. $5,000 a year is a significant, but manageable, bill for a college student.Student B could pay this bill in a number of ways without taking out loans - he could get a work study job during the school year and/or summer, for example. He could alsoapply to different scholarship programs to see if he could cover some or all of the cost with outside funding. What's Next? We've covered thoroughly how to pay for college without loans. Now you have a shot at paying for college without going broke. Financial aid comes in many forms and from many sources. Get clear, simple instructions on applying for financial aid. Whether you have high or low financial need, you should definitely submit a Free Application for Federal Student Aid. Learn more about the FAFSA and how to submit one. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Akashi- Kaikyo bridge (Pearl bridge), Japan Research Paper

Akashi- Kaikyo bridge (Pearl bridge), Japan - Research Paper Example The Akashi Kaikyo Bridge is known in Japan as the Pearl Bridge. Before the bridge became operational, the people had to mainly depend on ferry services to travel between the islands. The ferry travel was uncertain and rather dangerous as the area often experienced powerful winds, storms and typhoons, and horrible ferry mishaps did occur. Heeding to the public outrage that followed the sinking of two ferries in 1955, causing the death of 168 people - a majority of them children, the Japanese government undertook the construction of this bridge in 1988. Another reason for building the Akashi Kaikyo bridge, which was approved in the 1969 comprehensive Japan national development plan, was to promote local trade and assist the industrial development of the region. Together with another major suspension bridge namely, the Ohnaruto suspension bridge, completed in 1995 and connecting Shikoku Island with the southern end of Awaji Island, the economy of Awaji Island which is the sixth largest island in Japan, was expected to improve considerably. Although the construction of the bridge was prioritised following the ferry disaster in 1955 and feasibility studies began soon thereafter, the actual construction could only begin in 1988 as the process was a difficult one. The Akashi Strait is four kilometres wide and where bridge was proposed to be built, the sea was 110 metres deep, with tidal currents of 4.5 metres per second. The problems of bridge design related firstly to the severe weather conditions existing in the Akashi Strait, such as strong winds (wind speeds of 80 metres per second), and even typhoons.

Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 8

Response - Essay Example This is an editorial which appeared in Scientific American which is the oldest continuously published magazine in the United States. The editorial mainly discussed about the agricultural firms in America and its effect on health. According to the editorial, Agriculture has helped in the evolution of the Human population. The focus of the editorial however are the problems related with the crops being grown in America. These crops are infected with some kind of disease and they are being duplicated genetically which is further enhancing the spread of the diseas. This results in the crops being wiped out. As a result Plants and animals are not the only one being effected but evidence has been seen which shows that this approach to agriculture is directly leading to the spreading of various human diseases. The authors of this article are lecturers at the center for Population Studies at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. They have researched on various reproductive and sexual health issues in the regions of South East Asia. Out of them Aisse Diarra is an independent Consultant who has extensive experience with Women Health and Women Rights issues in Mali. The interesting thing about this article is the reversal pattern of their writing. They discuss the global issue of trafficking of women and children and after having discussed them they say that their view is erroneous and the information provided by them is mis-leading. The author of this article, Joe Becker is an M.A. in political science and has shown interest in the field of rights of childs. She has been actively speaking out in government and media forums on the case of Child soldiers and the abuse of Child Laborers in Sri Lanka, Nepal, Burma and Uganda. This article is also about Child Soldiers and it focuses on three Characters, Charles Taylor, Kony and Lubanga who are the

School Choice Initiative Essay Example for Free

School Choice Initiative Essay Perceivably, the verbal communication in the school selection initiative is considerably astounding as that of any glitch any fairy tale might have played to offer the brood to their remorseful providence. Many critics have deliberately emphasized that the real intent of Proposition 174 revolves around the connotation that â€Å"All parents are hereby empowered to choose any school, public or private, for the education of their children . . . – concisely, that is not exactly how many tend to see the light of the thought. Although it may seemingly utter as that which is piously beneficial and helpful to the contemporary masses’ parents of a child in an inner-city institution, it is like giving the students a somewhat subliminal way of saying a that all shall get the passes towards the prestigious institutions as that where most popular icons earned their degree in college. In such case, the choice will not be dependent on the learner (child) not the parents. Private schools shall be given the prowess to decide upon who shall be admitted or not hence ‘public school’ children shall then be given the same chance (Nevins, 2001). †¢ It would bring up a tight and healthy competition thus commencing a challenge to public school system towards the aim for academic excellence. †¢ The state shall save 2% transfer rate from public schools since that education in private schools are cost-effective hence allotting more on the appropriation for several improvements such as parks, school libraries and other sort of the like. †¢ It shall offer families a genuine alternative to â€Å"all† levels of the society, the vouchers will give all the chance to get a glimpse of â€Å"standard† education. †¢ The school will get to choose those who are to be admitted in the school, with this, the students shall be challenged to earn good grades in high school to earn the reward. †¢ It will give rise to quality education not only for a limited few, but for all. References: Nevins, J. (2001). Searching for security: Boundary and immigration enforcement in an age of intensifying globalization [Electronic Version], 28, 132. Retrieved September 4, 2007.

The Redeeming Features of the Characters in Electra Essay -- Euripides

The Redeeming Features of the Characters in Electra       In Euripides' 'Electra', there are a number of parts, speaking and non-speaking, that reveal the redeeming features of the otherwise pitiful characters. This essay will consider the roles of Orestes, Electra, Clytemnestra, the Peasant and Aegisthus (whose actions are only reported to us).    It is arguable that the characters are not redeemable due simply to the plot of the play: a son returns, kills his father's unworthy successor, his mother (with the aid of his sister) and was sent away at the end of the play by divine judgement. His sister assisted him in the matricide and is sent away also. However, it is unrealistic for all the characters of a tragedy not to have any good qualities. The nature of tragedy, according to Aristotle, is to invoke pity ('kitharsis'), cleansing the soul - this can not be invoked if the characters are bad people, since we will feel no pity. Aristotle described Euripides as "the most tragic of the poets..." so it is likely for the playwright to conform to Aristotle's' rules for tragedy. Bad happenings ('hamartia') are required to happen to good people, who may not be entirely noble but are still respectably good. For example, in Oedipus Rex, Oedipus scorns the prophecies of Apollo but he is a noble King, who feels compassion for his people and his destined blow was only the result of his uninformed actions.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Orestes is the avenging son of Agamemnon, returned to his homeland. We would expect this man to be the tragic hero of the play but he does not conform to the specifications. He is not a powerful character and is constantly in need of guidance, acting simply as a loaded cannon ("What do you suggest?"). When ... ...er in the play's duration, with a history of murder that seems disconnected from this person as we see her. Finally, Aegisthus, though amiable to his guests, has an undeniable history of murder and the people are happy to see him go. If he does have redeemable qualities, they are few.    Works Cited Euripides. Electra. Trans. Philip Vellacott. Medea and Other Plays. Baltimore: Penguin Classics, 1963. 105-152, 201-204. Nietzsche, Friedrich. The Birth of Tragedy. Trans. Clifton Fadiman. New York: Dover Publications, 1995. Perseus Encyclopedia. Revised 1999. Tufts University. www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/encyclopedia?entry=Euripides>. Powell, Barry. Classical Myth. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 2001. March, Jennifer.   "Euripides the Mysogynist?"   Euripides, Women, and Sexuality.   Ed. Anton Powell.   New York: Routledge, 1990.

”Who’s for the Game” by Jessie Pope Essay

Who’s for the Game† was written by Jessie Pope to encourage young men to fight. This was basically propaganda; it exploited the idea that it was a young man’s duty to go and fight for their country. This is apparent in the first two lines of the poem; the author makes us feel that war is not excruciating pain, but â€Å"just a game†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ â€Å"Who’s for the game, the biggest that’s played†, â€Å"The red crashing game of a fight†. These opening lines make us feel that war is a big game, and fighting is just people playing games to enjoy themselves, therefore this portrays the idea of war as being enjoyable, almost like a pastime. When people read this poem it makes them think subconsciously that war is enjoyable. Jessie Pope also promotes patrotism by saying that going to war is â€Å"giving your country a hand†. â€Å"Who’ll give his a country a hand† she appeals to their passion for fighting their country, over their fear of being killed. There was such an affinity with patriotism that by reading just this one line would make men join the war because they wanted to help their country. Jessie Pope also feels that war is like a big show and that the people staying at home are merely the audience, and not being part of this show, i.e. not playing a part in leading their country to victory. â€Å"Who wants to turn to himself in the show?† and â€Å"Who wants a seat in the stand†. Jessie Pope thought of war as a mindless riot and the only motivations for men going to war was to shoot someone and hold a gun, this is shown when she wrote â€Å"yet eagerly shoulders a gun†. The writer thinks that men would want to come back with a crutch, or some injury, as this would be their ‘souvenir’ from the war. She thinks that every man would want an injury as evidence of their bravery/suffering, rather than lying in the trenches and being out of the so-called ‘fun’. Jessie Pope also thinks that men who have returned unscathed from war didn’t have any fun; she thinks wars’ are all fun and games. â€Å"Who would much rather come back with a crutch than lie low and be out of the fun† â€Å"Your country is up to her neck in a fight, and she’s looking and calling for you†. This is a subliminal message that audience will rise to the challenge. Perhaps this is not an appropriate style of communication to describe war. The repetition of the word â€Å"who† followed by a question; she is questioning the audience and in the finnal two lines of the poem she tells us, who this  Ã¢â‚¬Å"who† is. It is a direct appeal to you, the audience. She uses this direct appeal to the audience to emphasise She personifies the country as being feminine, as it is every man’s duty to protect or save their women. It is also therefore every man’s duty to protect their country; thus making them a hero. Throughout the poem she uses simple language, that everyone can understand, to appeal to a widespread audience. The poem is written so that the reader feels Jessie Pope is actually speaking to them, and therefore has an immediate effect. (As the poem was published in the Daily Mail, it would have been read by thousands of people). The tone of the poem is positive and seems like an idealistic adventure story, which is totally opposite to the realities of war. I feel that when men read this poem they would be by her patronising and threatening powers of persuasion. They would feel manipulated into feeling guilty for not â€Å"doing their duty†. The poem would probably have been read with a buoyant, upbeat tone of voice. I feel that the writer was naive about war and felt that she could explain war without actually experiencing it. As war progressed, the feeling of patriotism gradually diminished, as the death-toll was escalating daily, people came to realise that war was not all glorious and began to take in the realities. It was harder to comprehend the ideals of patriotism and duty when soldiers were returning with their true accounts of what had actually happened, and poetry was written to explain war and how it really is.

International Marketing Research Challenges Essay

INTRODUCTION Due to global financial issues in the recent months, consumer confidence is low in the more developed markets such as Japan, the US and Europe (AFP, 2012). Therefore developing markets, such as the Australian market, are looking towards emerging markets where the markets have remained dynamic and rich in growth opportunities. This is because emerging markets â€Å"have reached a minimum level of GDP and are in the growth phase of the development cycle† (Pearson Education, 2012), however due to this growth phase these markets are still vulnerable to both internal and external forces. With many companies world-wide seeking global growth opportunities, it has never been more important for international marketing research to be conducted in order to fully understand the consumers of these markets (Greenland, 2011). This growth of emerging markets has presented a number of challenges for international marketing researchers including differences in research costs and also environmen tal differences such as differences in culture and even difficulties in communication and technology. CHALLENGE 1 – RESEARCH COST VARIATIONS Conducting research in a different country, especially one that is classified as an emerging market, can create many issues for international market researchers. For example, Greenland (2011) talked about how the expense of conducting research in emerging markets, such as Africa, is usually much higher than when compared to projects conducted in developed countries. Even though some of these issues may be catered for at the planning stage, many of these issues are unpredictable and can occur at any stage throughout the research project, creating a high chance of the project going over budget. Many factors including travel costs, currency fluctuation and availability of technology can affect the price of market research. However due to the fact that creative research approaches are needed in emerging markets, these higher prices may not be able to be overcome without a lot of research and understanding of the cultural and economic norms of the emerging market country (Craig and Dougla s 2005). As well as culture and economics being a factor in the high cost variations associated with research on emerging markets, the fact that infrastructure and technology is significantly limited also creating many issues to market researchers. This is because limited technology significantly limits the number of options the international market researchers have access to in order to conduct their research. No or limited technology means that most market research will need to be conducted face-to-face. Having to conduct research face-to-face in emerging markets can introduce extra expenses in the form of travel and extra staff when compared to virtual interactions such as online surveys. This is because in many of these emerging markets, for example Africa, â€Å"poor road networks, lack of direct flights, and the vast distances involved† (Greenland 2011) make it extremely difficult to reach these rural areas. As well as being time consuming, this is also a costly process with both transportation and accommodation needed to be taken into account. With these face-to-face interactions comes the problem of being able to communicate with participants who are likely to speak a different language. On suggestion to overcoming this problem is to train local people within the emerging market to conduct the research on behalf of the international market researchers. However, this approach is only a viable option if there are no time constraints due to the fact that it is likely to take a lot of time to train these new people and make them understand what the researcher is trying to find out. International market research can cost a lot more than when conducting research in a developed market, however businesses that are wanting to invest in emerging markets must plan for these extra costs if they want their new venture to succeed. CHALLENGE 2 – CULTURAL DIFFERENCES Every country has their own distinct cultural rules which can cause great confusion and problems when trying to conduct market research in a country that differs so greatly to your own country. For example, in Middle Eastern societies where women have very different roles to those women living in more western societies. This is why â€Å"the marketing research process should be modified so that it does not conflict with the cultural values† (Malhotra 2010) of the country in question. In countries such as the Middle East, women are more likely to experience lower education and literacy rates than their western society counterparts. For this reason and many others, face-to-face interviewing seems to be the most viable option for conducting marketing research in these countries (Greenland, 2011). However, even with face-to-face interviews this illiteracy can lead to the respondents not able to formulate their own opinions and all information gained could be biased or non-existent (Malhotra 2010). Furthermore, the cultural differences in these countries can extend further than just lower education rates, with many other factors affecting the way research must be conducted in these emerging countries to be effective. For example, many Arab cultures prohibit their women to have contact with non-family males, which can cause problems with allowing male researchers to conduct face-to-face interviews (Greenland 2011). A solution to this problem could be training female researchers to conduct the research when female interviewees are needed. However as well as this being possibly dangerous and deadly to the female, in many developing countries females are the bottom class and are seen to only do household duties, therefore a job would be against cultural beliefs. The extent of the products currently available in the emerging markets is another cultural issue that researchers must face when wanting to introduce a product. Malhotra (2010) suggests researchers need to look at the public’s attitude towards advertising, the government’s control of the media and the behaviour of consumers when conducting research. All of the previous factors change within different cultures which furthers heightens the need for specific research methods and ideas for different emerging markets. CHALLENGE 3 – COMMUNICATION AND TECHNOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES Communication challenges in emerging markets not only relate to language barriers but also differences in technology and cultures. Market researchers may find it very difficult to communicate the more complex ideas of their business to research participants in emerging markets where the language barrier is high. There has been a lot of research been into trying to find a way to overcome this problem. Greenland (2009), looked into using visual cues, such as photographs, to aid the research participants in obtaining a greater understanding of what the researcher was trying to convey. Craig and Douglas (2001), suggest the idea of videotaping people and analysing the behaviour observed to try and identify consumer buying habits. This however can pose many issues from whether it is legal or ethical to tape people without their knowledge and even whether cultural differences change what we would think a particular behaviour conveys. Greenland (2009), also talks about the language barrier when it comes to translating information from English to Swahili in the form of a questionnaire. The Swahili version of the questionnaire was notably longer than that of the English version which impacts the time taken to conduct the research. While Malhotra (2010) talks about translation from English to German and how the particular meaning of questions were altered when translated, which confused the final results. This is a problem that the researchers tried and failed to overcome at the time of the research being conducted. Also tying into communication issues is the challenge of conducting research without the technology that developed markets rely so heavily on. According to Malhotra (2010) the lives of everyday citizens, particularly those in rural areas, of countries such as India, South Korea and many Latin American countries, are yet to be impacted by advances in science and technology.† This, therefore, has an impact on how information is collected and stored and can also have an impact on the type of information a market researcher can collect. These non-existent advances in science and technology not only eliminate internet surveys or discussions but in many countries also eliminate the ability to conduct telephone interviews, with researchers unable to find complete telephone directories if the households have access to the telephone at all (Malhotra 2010). With the amount of challenges facing researchers regarding technology, it is often much more efficient to conduct face-to-face interviews. CONCLUSION â€Å"With the accelerating pace of market globalisation† (Craig and Douglas 2005), emerging markets are gradually becoming of greater interest to larger businesses all around the world. To efficiently sell products in these emerging markets a lot of research needs to be done to fully understand the consumers in these emerging markets in order to effectively market and sell their product. There are many factors that make emerging markets different to sell products in when compared to developed markets including, political differences and even variations in currency. This is why it is so important to understand how to efficiently conduct research in these countries prior to selling goods. However, there are many challenges that face researchers in these emerging markets, including the different costs of research, cultural differences and communication difficulties. These challenges can cause the research to take a lot longer and cost a lot more money than researchers would be used to. However, much research is being done to come up with solutions to combat these challenges which will hopefully make it increasingly easier for businesses to invest in emerging markets in the future. REFERENCES AFP 2012, Nestle sweet on emerging markets, The West Australian, viewed on 22nd June 2012, Craig, C. S. and Douglas, S. P 2005, Future Directions in International Marketing Research, Chapter 15 in International Marketing Research, 3rd Edition, John Wiley & Sons, viewed 22nd June Craig, CS and Douglas, SP 2001, Conducting international marketing research in the twenty-first century, International Marketing Review, Vol. 18 Iss: 1, pp.80 – 90 Greenland, S. J 2011, Challenges of researching consumers in emerging markets. Marketing in the age of consumerism: Jekyll or Hyde?, Australian and New Zealand Marketing Academy Greenland, SJ 2009, Visual Research for Segmenting Emerging Markets, Proceedings of ‘Sustainable Management and Marketing’, Australian and New Zealand Marketing Academy Conference (ANZMAC), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 30 November – 02 December 2009, viewed 19th June 2012

US Militarism War Brides and Internment

US Militarism War Brides and Internment History holds a lot in regard to various events that took place at different times and the experiences people went through. Some experiences are remembered for their benefits while others are committed to memory for the drawbacks associated with them.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on US Militarism: War Brides and Internment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The US Militarism is a concept that is known for various things, both positive and negative. This piece of work will look at the concept of the US involvement in foreign wars and its effects on Asian women in the US and other parts of the world. Although these women faced a lot of negative treatment, they tried to fight back through resistance. Research shows that Asian war brides faced negative treatment in the United States of America as well as in their home country. In the United States, these women faced negativism in the form of cultural isolation, sexism as w ell as racism making their lives extremely uncomfortable. They were for example seen to be immoral and inferior. A critical issue involved evacuation from the West coast regions to detention camps under the observation of the military. This was extremely intimidating and painful since they did not find acceptance and solace in the place they moved to. Many people also faced imprisonment including the aged and the children. To cope with the situation the women opted to use some resistance which is perceived with some controversy with some taking their reaction as the women’s way (as per their culture) of dealing with problem situations while others take it as a pure form of resistance (Vo and Sciachitano Xiii). The Asian women suffered a lot from isolation and bad treatment and as a result of this; they had to learn on some survival tactics while in America. Some of the coping mechanisms adopted by the Asian women reflect some form of resistance, rather than just a passive-agg ressive behavior. They include, looking for sources of financial and moral support for instance by formation of community groups that offered them with power through unity. Another way is disguised resistance where they behaved in a manner that deceived, that is, they tended to show good behavior and attitude towards their husbands as well as the American culture and the society at large whereas they did this in order to safeguard their opinions and desires. This resistance was therefore carried out in a manner that was not very visible, to those in power, and hence it was to the women advantage and a defense mechanism too (PBS 2009). From the above discussion, it is evident that the Asian war brides faced a lot of problems especially in the United States. A form of resistance is also observed in their attempt to making their lives bearable. Culturally, the Asian women are known to deal with problems in a passive-aggressive way but in this case, their reaction is seen as a form of r esistance due to the specific actions they took as discussed above.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is also clear that the United States involvement in foreign wars had major impacts on the lives of many individuals. The Asian women suffered greatly in the United States as well as other parts of the world under the US military rule. The discrimination and oppression faced by these women contributed to their resistance, which they used as a coping mechanism. PBS. THE NATIONAL PARKS | Manzanar: Never Again PBS, 2009. 26 Sept. 2011. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XgmY2P-xT_Yfeature=player_embedded# Vo Trinh Linda and Sciachitano Marian. Asian American Women: The Frontiers Reader. UK: U of Nebraska Press, 2004.

Latins 1st Conjugation Verbs

Latin's 1st Conjugation Verbs There are four  conjugations of Latin verbs that you need to learn to read or translate  Latin. In addition to the verbs of the 4 regular conjugations, there are also several irregular verbs. The Latin 1st conjugation verbs, like the Latin 1st declension nouns, are marked by an a as in amare. Noting this a (a thematic vowel) should help you to distinguish verbs of the first conjugation from those of the second, third, or fourth conjugations. Amare:To Love The infinitive (which we translate as to ...) ending for the first conjugation is -are. Note that there is no separate word to. The infinitive includes the sense of to within it. One of the difficulties of Latin is learning that there is often not a neat, one-to-one correspondence between words in English and Latin. The infinitive of the 1st conjugation verb. e.g., amare, translates into English as to love. The 4 principal parts of a 1st conjugation verb have the following endings: -o, -are, -avi, -atus. A typical verb is laudo praise, so its principal parts are: laudolaudarelaudavilaudatus. Infinitives Active Present - portare to carry, to be carryingPerfect - portavisse to have carriedFuture - portaturus esse to be about to carry, to be going to be carrying Passive Present - portari to be carriedPerfect - portatus esse to have been carriedFuture - portatum iri to be about to be carried, to be going to be carried, to be carried Participles Active Present - portans carryingFuture - portaturus about to carry Passive Perfect - portatus loved, having been carriedFuture - portandus to be carried Imperative Active Present - porta, portate (second person) Carry!Future - portato, portatote (second person)portato, portanto (third person) Passive Present - portare, portamini (second person) Be carried!Future - portator (second person singular)portator, portantor (third person)

Role of Economic Development in Reducing the Poverty Rate Essay

Role of Economic Development in Reducing the Poverty Rate - Essay Example This paper presents comprehensive analysis of interrelations between economic development and poverty The essay is aimed at attempting to argue that economic development is a solution towards eradicating poverty. Factors that determine economic development have been examined, factors that cause poverty have been analyzed. Through the GDP, scholars are able to determine the living standard of people occupying specific parts of the world. Thus, any notable increase in economic growth is seen as indicating an increase in standard of living to an average level. It is worth noting that the average living standards are mostly achieved through greater inequality and poverty. Similarly, a section of scholars have argued that economic activities could solely not be attached to bringing to an end poverty across the world. In fact, numerous countries struggling with their economic activities such as oil, tea, precious stones among other natural resources have been continually exploited by foreign countries leaving them with very little benefits for their people However, economic development does not only cause poverty as it has been used by numerous countries to upgrade their economic life. This has been visual through the accessibility of facilities such as water, schools, medical facilities electricity among others. Nevertheless, it is worth noting that economic development does not only cause poverty as it has been used by numerous countries to upgrade their economic life. ... As such, pressing challenges attached to economic development must be dealt with to pave way for curbing poverty. Theoretical framework The Theory of Economic Development The theory of economic development emanates from a scholar known as Schumpeter. According to the theory, it was evident that his view on economic development was based entirely on two types of research that had been carried out by Scholars: Walras and Marx. Although they were both dedicated towards coming up with solution based on the impact of economic development, they had varying reasons. Through Walras who was his great hero, this theory is said to embrace the actual logic on the interdependence between quantities in the economy. On the other hand, Marx argues that there must be vision based on economic evolution that acts as a pathway towards the generation of economic system (Rowe, 2009). In light of this, Schumpeter argues that both contributions have played a huge role in giving the economic development a gr ound as one is rigid and the other is dynamic. As such, he argues that the dynamics in any economic entails data changing by carrying out new combinations of the five cases of economic development. The five cases in economic development consist of new products, new production methods, and opening of new methods, new organization forms and new supply sources. The development of this theory by Schumpeter has greatly contributed towards economic development for over a century. Although the theory focuses more on the limitations of tackling poverty, it could be argued that there are more possibilities towards economic development been a solution to poverty

US Empire Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

US Empire - Essay Example While this is the case, however, there have been instances where the United States has tended to take the wrong actions when it had the opportunity to use its massive leverage to help resolve the conflicts taking place in divided societies and its interventions in such conflicts have made some of the situations on the ground worse than they were before. The American military capability cannot be denied but its use in almost every conflict situation in the world is not advised because of the fact that not all conflicts can be resolved militarily. The foreign policy of the United States as it is currently is not compatible with the realities of the situation in the twenty first century because the times of wars of aggression are long past and an age of absolute global peace is fast approaching. The policy of taking sides in domestic conflicts in such situations as in Israel, Syria and Libya, instead of endearing the United States to the world as a global peacemaker, has ended up doing the opposite, earning this country a bad name on the global stage. It can therefore be said that the United States does not currently have the capability of resolving intrastate violence in divided societies and that in order for it to be able to do so, it has to have a massive overhaul of its foreign policy. The fact that the United States has been proven not to have the capacity for ending intrastate violence in the various societies in the world has created a situation where it is not trusted in matters of conflict resolution. This is mainly because in most of its interventions, it has consistently taken sides in local conflicts; a matter which has earned it many grievances from the excluded parties. There has developed a situation where it has become a necessity for the United States to change some part of its policies concerning interventions in intrastate conflicts so that it can easily bring such conflicts to a speedy end. Among the means which can be suggested is through the development of a strong neutral stance in such conflicts in order t o make the opposing sides feel comfortable with American intervention because taking sides more often than not alienates a part of the society; mostly against the power that is attempting to bring peace in the respective region (McGarry & O’Leary, 2007). The development of a strong diplomatic resume would help the United States a great deal when dealing with intrastate conflicts because there would be level ground for the conflicting sides to come to an amicable solution. This was seen in recent times in Kenya, where during the violence which erupted after the 2007 elections, the United States stepped up its diplomatic machine to ensure that peace was returned to this divided society. The swift intervention in this conflict by the United States government, led by the then Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice helped in a massive way in the swift ending of the conflict and the return to normalcy in Kenya (Adeagbo & Iyi, 2011). Diplomatic means should therefore be a priority for the United States in its endeavor to foster peaceful societies all over the world. The capability of the United States as a global diplomatic force is among the greatest in human history and this can be used to great advantage in the resolution of intrastate conflicts all over the wor

Australian Taxation system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Australian Taxation system - Essay Example There are also state governments which control taxation taking place in the several states that are in the country. The last system of government present in Australia is the local governments. According to Macfarlane in his book â€Å"Australian Monetary Policy in the Last Quarter of the Twentieth Century†, it is evident that Australia has low taxation rates (Macfarlane 1998). Despite lower taxation rates, the governments still struggle to control the taxation system. Several forms of taxation exist in Australia. These include personal income taxes, capital gains taxes, fringe benefits, taxes, customs duty taxes, corporate taxes and goods and services taxes just to name a few of all the existing forms of taxes. As testified in the sections of the Australian constitution, all individuals both working and non-working and also companies are forced to pay taxes to all the levels of government: the federal government, the state governments and the local governments. Among the natio nal duties that the Australian government accomplishes with the income generated from taxation include the offering of services to the public and paying the public servants. The federal government often collects taxes from individuals and companies through the Australian Taxation Office which is an organization that helps the federal government collect revenue which is further paid to the various states. Australia as earlier mentioned has several forms of taxation.... Income taxes are the backbone of the Australian economy since they are the most critical and important source of revenue for the federal government. Provides income tax revenue that the federal government uses to make or accomplish several important tasks. It is also important to note that income taxation in Australia is done on individuals with constant income. Thus, the individuals depending on the working generation which mostly comprises of the young children and older do not pay income tax. In the words of Cortese C and Glynn J, in his journal â€Å"Taxation and the Australian Superannuation System†, â€Å"personal income tax in Australia is done on individuals and not on groups, families, organizations or companies† (Cortese and Glynn). Another form of taxation is the goods and services tax. In this form of taxation, the federal government often imposes value added tax on goods and services offered and provided all over the country. Business people in Australia po sses retail shops, wholesale shops, hardware shops and even supermarkets. In these businesses, when an individual buys goods for example clothes, food or any other stuffs, there are tax imposed on him or her. Like in other countries, small business men and women sell their goods and services directly to their customers. When the customers purchase the goods, value added tax is imposed on them. Though tax on goods and services is not much as the personal income tax, it also acts as a source of revenue for the federal government in Australia. The income got from the goods and services taxation by the local government is later distributed to the state governments which the state governments use to run their duties. Consequently, corporate tax is another form of taxation in Australia.

Talent Management In Current Economic Conditions Management Essay

Talent Management In Current Economic Conditions Management Essay INTRODUCTION: The present global economy has not only created a complex but dynamic environment as well and the firms need to learn how to compete effectively and efficiently in order to achieve viable growth. (Briscoe et al, 2009 and Friedman, 2005).But one of the greatest obstacles for the success of an organization is due to shortage of workforces with needed enthusiasm and competencies. Even in the period of recession talent management practices have been put aside in order to cut cost. However it is at this time that the strategies of the company should be reassessed and practices of talent management should be encouraged. The organization needs to ensure, in order to have success, that they are having right people with the needed qualities at the right time and in right location. (U.S. Department of the Interior Office of Personnel Policy, 2001) In this essay I would be explaining the meaning of talent management, along with a history (in the appendix) and then I would be critically analyzing the importance of talent management in current economic conditions followed by a conclusion and the learning outcome. TALENT MANAGEMENT: There is no proper definition of talent management as each organization thinks differently. To some organization it is about managing the highly talented individuals having specialized skills which helps the organization to withstand the market and for the others it is about managing the talent i.e. all people have talent and it should be identified and then to train them as per the requirement of the organization. Most of the talent management decisions are done based on core competency of an organization and the skills required for the particular position. Thus talent management is basically a recruitment of people both internally as well as externally, developing them in line with the organizations current business goals, and then promoting and retaining those people for the future business goals. These all functional aspects are done by human resource department who work in line with the companys business goals. (Sundararajan, 2009) ROLE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT IN CURRENT ECONOMIC CONDITIONS: In the current economic downturn most of the organizations around the world have taken tough decisions in terms of managing their talent. Most of the companies has slashed jobs, reduced training and development budget on their staff and have put talent management programmers on hold or have cancelled. The HR professionals are put under pressure by the companies to cut cost. (Bersin, 2008) Even the demographics are considered to be an important for success of an organization and are also the main driver for talent management challenge. Nearly 70 million baby boomers are expected to stop working in U.S. in the next 15 years and only 40 million workforce are expected to retire in the similar period, thus creating a shortage of workers. (Adecco, 2008). All the above shows that how significant is talent management practices and the job which HR plays is a launch pad of talent mindset. But the companies, thinking of bright future prospects have taken a positive approach towards their business and also managing their talents in the  present economic downturn. The companies which have implemented well controlled talent management programs have not only helped the company to overcome short term business challenges but it has relocated the company to achieve long term success and growth. It also has helped the organizations to increase their profits by employing the right people at the right time. (Deloitte,2009). A recent survey conducted by Bersin Associates(2009) have shown that the organizations which have implemented talent management programs have achieved a 60% higher return as compared to the organization that have not implemented it. Thus the organizations have felt the importance of effective talent management processes and have focused more on retaining their highly skilled people and reviewing their systems to ensure that they have maximum return on inve stment. There is an important requirement of knowledge workers, in an organization, having precise skills which are developed through extensive learning and guidance. These workers have created an essential impact on the success of the company. (Jackson,Hitt and DeNisi, 2003). Most of the organizations require constant innovative products to satisfy the needs of the customer. These can be done only through the workforces of the company. This shows that how the talent management practice is crucial to success. Even most of the multinational organizations have felt the need of these workforces and for these they are moving to other countries to recruit and hire talent people. They always look out to enter into new markets as quickly as possible before their competitor does as this helps them to hire the best talent at best prices which helps the organization to remain competitive in this global environment.(Schuler Jackson, 2009) The talent management programs are vital for an organization as it brings a greater long term benefits as compared to short term benefits. Thus the organization needs to have a long term mindset which is crucial in period of economic instability as it brings benefits to the organization than cutting cost in the short term. SHORTCOMINGS OF TALENT MANAGEMENT: As per Cappelli, the large corporations especially in U.S. talent management practices have become dysfunctional leading to the failure of its practices. The main two reasons for its failures are firstly the surpluses of employees during downturn leading to layoffs and reshuffle and secondly the lack of adequate talent resulting in talent crisis. (Cappelli, 2008) The talent management practices in U.S. were done in two ways that were equally ineffective and fruitless. The most regular practice done by the U.S. companies is that they never did anything nor made any plans to combat the crisis of talent. Thus whenever they require a new talent or any employee leaves the job, they relied on outside hiring to fulfill the gap of talent which proved to be costly.(Cappelli,2008) The second approach which is commonly used among older companies is that they relied on multifaceted and authoritative models of 1950 for forecasting and succession planning. This legacy system proved to be a great success when the business was predictable. But in the present economic conditions, where the environment is unstable and unpredictable, it was very tough to have a long term succession planning.(Cappelli, 2008) The companies could not forecast of how many employees would be staying with them once the development program was completed. Thus whenever an important vacancy occurs, the candidate identified as a successor may not be able to meet the needs of the job because of the unstable environment. The company then searches for the talent from outside to fill the gap. This outcome resulted to have a negative impact. Firstly the candidate feels betrayed as the succession plan creates an implicit promise and secondly the investment made in developing these candidates is wasted.  (Cappelli,2008) As per Cappelli, the survey conducted shows that nearly two third of the American companies are not doing any sort of manpower planning nor predicting how many employees are required and the advice they got was to return to the traditional practices of 1950s and create a long term succession plans. For implementing these plans they need to ensure that some sort of planning are done or else the company may have to depend on outside hiring to fill those gaps. The problems related to outside hiring is that it led to the problem of retention of current workers as they feel demoralized and also the cost of hiring a new employee is also very high. (Cappelli, 2008) IMPACT OF ECONOMIC CRISIS ON TALENT MANAGEMENT: Whenever an economic crisis occurs, the first and foremost which the organization does is to make deep reductions in cost by eliminating jobs and also eliminating any cost related to recruitment and professional development. Even the learning and development budget gets reduced. This results in two different scenarios: firstly the people get promoted without having necessary talent, knowledge or exposure to execute the roles effectively and secondly the studies have shown that the employees greatly value the growth of their own talent and thus plummeting the training and budget cost. This results in reduced self-esteem and act as a de-motivator for the employee and it also leads the employee to leave their job.(Insight Research, 2009) Most of the organizations have downscale their business by removing the workforces mainly due to global economic and financial conditions. The research conducted in the area of talent management have reflected that the impact of loss was not felt initially but later on it did make the organization to realize their mistake, when they had no employee with the required knowledge and skills to either foresee or solve problems that occurred. (Collins Mellahi,2009) Finally whenever a crisis occurs the managers shouldnt forget about talent management practices. They should take time to vigilantly re-evaluate their talent management strategy and make sure that they are using their largest talent their staff- as effectively as possible.(Street,2008) CONCLUSION: The most novel way to manage the talent is to use the four values drawn from the operations of supply chain management .The two of them address the improbability in the demand side and the other two addresses the supply side. Make and Buy to Manage Risk: having too much of employees are expensive. So the best way to combat such problems is to develop less candidates than the future requirement and if there is shortfall of talent then it can be hired from outside. The organization must carefully review where to put their assets as some positions can be easily crammed by outside talent.(Cappelli,2008) Adapt to the uncertainty in Talent demand: the actual requirement of talent in future is uncertain and hence the company should employ the demand in shorter groups. Then these groups are selected in regular interval thus putting fewer burdens on the management and also the employees are given general common training to all, and then they are send them back to their jobs to specialize.(Cappelli,2008) Improve the return on investment in developing employees: In order to improve the ROI, the employees should be made to bear the cost of development which helps the employees to gain knowledge. It can also be that the employees may be asked to do work on certain projects on freely basis. And the most important part is to maintain the relationship with the former employees, so that when they return back to job they bring back your ROI in the form of skills.(Cappelli,2008) Preserve the Investment by balancing the Employee-employer relationship: the employees can leave the job if they find better prospects. The best way to retain these employees is to maintain a relationship by having him share the advancement decisions.(Cappelli,2008) BIBLIOGRAPHY: Brscoe, D., Schuler, R. and Claus,E.(2009), International Human Resource Management 3rd Edition, Routledge London.[ONLINE] Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6W5M-4XK321Y-1/2/814a88aaea2c415c71975e14a443484e?zone=raall. (Accessed on: Friedman, T.L., The World is Flat, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, New York. [Online]. Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6W5M-4XK321Y-1/2/814a88aaea2c415c71975e14a443484e?zone=raall. (Accessed on: U.S. Department of the Interior Office of Personnel Policy(2001), Workforce Planning Instruction Manual, Available at: http://www.doi.gov/hrm/WFPImanual.pdf. (Accessed on: Sundararajan(2009), Emerging Trends of Talent Management and Challenges of HRM ,[ONLINE] Available at: http://www.articlesbase.com/human-resources-articles/emerging-trends-of-talent-management-and-challenges-of-hrm-957837.html.(Accessed on: Bersin,J. (2008), Talent Management: State of the Industry, Human Resource Executive [Online], Available at: http://www.hrexecutive.com/HRE/story.jsp?storyId=98598263query=talent%20management.. (Accessed on: Tarique, I. and Schuler, R.S. (2009), Global Talent Management: Literature Review, Integrative Framework and suggestions for further research, Science Direct, [ONLINE], Available at : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6W5M-4XK321Y-1/2/814a88aaea2c415c71975e14a443484e?zone=raall. (Accessed on: Adecco(2008), The next decades talent war, [ONLINE], Available at: http://www.dgfp.de/perdoc/document.php?id=81143. (Accessed on: Schuler, R.S., AND Jackson, S.E. (2009), The Global Talent Management Challenge: Drivers and HR actions for Attaining and Sustaining Global Competitive Advantage Science Direct, [ONLINE], Available at: http://www.dgfp.de/perdoc/document.php?id=81143. (Accessed on: Mellahi,K. and Collings, D.G.,(2009), The barriers to effective global talent management: The example of corporate elites in MNEs, Science Direct, [ONLINE], Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL_udi=B6W5M-4XJW048-2_user=8742368_coverDate=10/29/2009_rdoc=1_fmt=high_orig=search_sort=d_docanchor=view=c_searchStrId=1211489006_rerunOrigin=google_acct=C000009999_version=1_urlVersion=0_userid=8742368md5=4c47e726a2ba56294846ce945e8801ef. (Accessed on: Ready, D.A. and Conger, J.A. (2007), Make your company a talent factory, Harvard Business Review, [ONLINE], Available at : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL_udi=B6W5M-4XJW048-2_user=8742368_coverDate=10/29/2009_rdoc=1_fmt=high_orig=search_sort=d_docanchor=view=c_searchStrId=1211489006_rerunOrigin=google_acct=C000009999_version=1_urlVersion=0_userid=8742368md5=4c47e726a2ba56294846ce945e8801ef. (Accessed on: Deolitte(2009), Balancing talent strategies in difficult times, Available at : http://rss.hsyndicate.com/file/152003927.pdf. (Accessed on: Bersin Associates And Centre for Creative Leadership Industry Study(2009), High Impact Succession Management, Available at: http://www.centerforcreativeleadership.com/leadership/pdf/research/HighImpactSuccessionManagement.pdf. (Accessed on: Jackson, S.E., Hitt, M.A. and DeNisi, A. (2003), Managing knowledge for sustained competitive advantage, [ONLINE], Available at: http://www.dgfp.de/perdoc/document.php?id=81143. (Accessed on: Cappelli, P.(2008), Talent Management for the Twenty first century, Harvard Business Review,[ONLINE], Available at: Moodle of the University of Glasgow.(Accessed on: Insight Research(2009), Perspectives of talent management in challenging times, Available at: .http://www.accaglobal.com/documents/talent_management.pdf. ( Accessed on: Street, M.(2008), Talent management in a Recession , Available at: http://www.management-standards.org/client_files/Talent%20management%20in%20a%20recession.pdf. (Accessed on:

Kurt Cobain Essay -- essays research papers

Kurt Cobain A look Into the Life and Career of a Legend; A Proposal Kurt Donald Cobain was the lead singer/songwriter of the band Nirvana, until April 5 1994 when he committed suicide. Troubled by depression, chronic stomach problems, and an addiction to heroin, his ailments in his personal life showed through in his music. His music evolved from the hard "punk" sound of their first album, to the intelligent "tell all" tales of his fourth and final album In Utero. Through his music he changed an era of â€Å"lost souls†, to a generation with a vision of who they were. The songs he wrote and played captured the attention of the world, but also brought him the fame and fortune that led to his downfall. The pain and the hate of his life filled the lines, tough hidden under his sarcasm. He couldn't take the voices in his head that had plagued him all his life, that compiled with his dislike of the fame caused him to end his own life. The life that gave him no joy. The first time I heard Nirvana they changed my life. I was sitting in class and one of my friends tapped into the P.A. system. He hooked it up to his Walkman and started playing Smells Like Teen Spirit, Nirvana's first single. I was sitting in class day dreaming and suddenly I was pulled out of it by this amazing sound. A few seconds later the principal shut off the song, but by that time I was hooked. Later that day I went to the record store and bought their second fi...

Durkheim and weber

We link Durkheim with social fact, and Weber withVerstehen. Durkheim's writings led to functionalism while Weber's writing led to symbolic interactionism. Both were â€Å"Fathers† of sociology, and wrote mainly in the late nineteenth century. Both called for applying the scientific method to the study of society, and both wanted sociologists to be objective (although they had different ideas about objectivity). Both contributed to the sociological perspective. Both criticised Marx, but in different ways.The main difference between them was that Durkheim coined the term â€Å"social fact† o indicate that there were forces beyond the individual that affected their behaviour, while Weber said we needed to understand the meanings people put on their behaviour to understand society. The approach by Weber has developed into modern perspective of sociology called symbolic interactionism. Durkheim's study of suicide to show how rates of suicide differed between groups with diff erent social characteristics, although we do not have enough information to predict which individuals would commit suicide.Suicide rates are quite predictable, when based on specific social characteristics. Durkheim used this to explain â€Å"social fact. † The idea of seeing social facts as external to the individual was Durkheim's contribution. See â€Å"Inside or Outside? † In contrast, we see Weber'sverstehen as a â€Å"deeper understanding† (which is why we use the German term rather than the weaker English equivalent) of the society which we all carry within us. Although we might at first see these differences as mutually exclusive and un- reconcilable, Weber's â€Å"internal† approach and Durkheim's â€Å"external† approach, we must integrate these two perspectives.Modern sociology requires that you see them both as valid and operating simultaneously. Weber made other important contributions, eg to the study ot bureaucracy and to the factor of religious beliefs and values in social change. Similarly, Durkheim made many other contributions, such as differentiating between organic and mechanical solidarity, and explaining anomie. Weber's study of the rise of capitalism, and his thesis that it was caused by the rise of the Protestant ethic, can be used to contrast him with Marx.